lec 1 movement

What is Flexion/Extension?

Flexion (reduces angle of joint)

Extension (increases angle of the joint; returns

part to anatomical position). Hyperextension

goes even farther than anatomical position.

What are Abduction/ Adduction/ Rotation/

Circumduction?

Abduction (takes body part away from midline in

the frontal plane)

Adduction (returns body part to midline in the

frontal plane)

Rotation (to pivot on the axis of a bone, such as

shaking head “no”)

Circumduction: (Using the body part to draw a

circle in the air)

What is internal and external rotation?

Internal rotation: to move a limb towards the

midline of the body in the transverse plane

External rotation: to move a limb away from the

midline of the body in the transverse plane

What is Inversion/Eversion?

Inversion (turns foot toward midline in the

frontal plane)

Eversion (turns foot away from midline in the

frontal plane)

What is Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion?

Dorsiflexion: flexion of the ankle joint; to raise

toes up in the air (sagittal plane)

Plantarflexion: extension of the ankle joint; to

point the toes downward (sagittal plane)

What is Protraction/Retraction?

Protraction: sticks body part out anteriorly

(jutting out the jaw)

Retraction: opposite movement to protraction

(pulls body part posteriorly, such as the scapula)

What is Elevation/Depression?

Elevation: lifting a body part superiorly (raising

shoulders upward)

Depression: moving the elevated part inferiorly

(pulls body part inferiorly)

What is Opposition?

Opposition

What is Pronation and Supination?

Pronation: In the ankle, pronation is turning the

sole of foot away from midline; tri-plane

movement of eversion, abduction, and

plantarflexion. In the wrists, pronation is turning

the palms from anterior to posterior.

Supination: In the ankle, supination is turning the

sole of the foot toward midline; tri-plane

movement of inversion, adduction, and

dorsiflexion. In the wrists, supination is turning

the palms from posterior to anterior.

What is prone, and how does it differ from

pronation?

Prone: a POSITION, not a movement; body is lying

face down. Pronation is a movement

What is supine, and how does it differ from

supination?

Supine: a POSITION, not a movement; body is

lying on the back. Supination is a movement.

What is the difference between Adduction/Abduction and

Flexion/Extension at the shoulders and hips?

Adduction/Abduction: moving your arms/thighs

away from the body laterally, in the frontal plane.

Flexion/Extension: moving your arms/thighs

away from the body in front of you, in the sagittal

plane