ecdysozoa- panarthropoda

the clade _______ contains phyla arthropoda, tardigrada, and onychophora

panarthropoda

what are the 3 phyla within clade panarthropoda?

arthropoda, tardigrada, onychophora

panarthropods are _____blastic

triplo

what kind of coelomates are panarthropods?

coelomates

panarthropod coeloms are reduced, and a _______ develops

hemocoel

what is the hemocoel filled with?

hemolymph

what is hemolymph a mix of?

lymph, plasma

panarthropods have an ____ circulatory system

open

how is the coelom reduced in panarthropods?

muscle does not line entire body

describe flow of hemolymph through the panarthropod body

dorsal flow from tail to head, ventral flow from head to tail

common name for organisms in phylum onychophora

velvet worms

why are onychophorans called velvet worms?

soft to the touch

how many living species of velvet worms are there?

70

there are velvet worm fossils from ___ million years ago

500

where do velvet worms live?

tropical regions of southern hemisphere

velvet worms have 14-43 pairs of…

lobopods

what are lobopods?

unjointed legs

do velvet worms have muscular jaws, poison, or venom?

no

function of antennae in velvet worms

tactile and chemical sensory

what do velvet worms use to catch prey?

sticky mucus

what part of the velvet worm produces the adhesive mucus?

oral papillae

velvet worm cuticles contain ______ but it does not harden like in arthropods

chitin

velvet worms molt in _____

patches

velvet worms and arthropods are ___ecious

dio

describe how velvet worm mating behavior is unique

females decide to pick up sperm packet

some velvet worms have _____ birth

viviparous

what is viviparous birth?

eggs hatch inside mother, young released after

common name for organisms in phylum tardigrada

water bears

phyla tardigrada and onychophora are like _____ groups to arthropoda

sister

how many species of tardigrades are there?

900

tardigrades usually live in water around ____ and _____

moss, lichens

tardigrades have 8 ______ with ____ attached

lobopods, claws

tardigrades’ stylet mouthparts are specialized for ____ and ____

piercing, sucking

what happens when a tardigrade enters “tun state”?

it goes dormant

another term for the dormancy that tardigrade tuns undergo

cryptobiosis

tardigrade tuns can withstand harsh conditions for _____

decades

tardigrade tuns become metabolically active again when _____ is present

water

what happens to tardigrade body fluid when in tun-state?

they move slow

phylum arthropoda is the _____ and most ____ group within metazoa

largest, diverse

2 features that make arthropods stand out from other panarthropods

segmented body, jointed appendages

the exoskeleton around arthropod joints is ____

softer

having jointed appendages makes movement more…

efficient

what is the role of chitin in arthropod cuticles?

hardness

all arthropod ______ are the same structure, but can be used for different _____

appendages, functions

how are trachea/spiracle respiratory systems efficient?

they bring oxygen direct to cells

arthropods have highly-developed ______ organs, which allows for complex _____ patterns

sensory, behavior

do larval and adult stages of arthropods typically eat the same things?

no

what are tagmata?

fused arthropod segments

this respiratory system is commonly found in insects, millipedes, and centipedes

trachea and spiracles

what are the 4 subphyla within phylum arthropoda?

chelicerata, myriapoda, hexapoda, crustacea

what is the synapomorphy between crustaceans, myriapods, and hexapods?

mandibles

chelicerates do not have _____ or ______

mandibles, antennae

how many tagmata do chelicerates have, and what are they called?

2, cephalothorax and abdomen

how many pairs of appendages do chelicerates have?

6

what can chelicerae be modified into?

fangs

pedipalp description

legs for feeding

which 2 pairs of appendages are found in the facial region of chelicerates?

chelicerae, pedipalps

how many pairs of walking legs do chelicerates have?

4

2 respiratory system options for chelicerates

book lungs, book gills

structure of book lungs/gills

thin sheets of cuticle

it can be especially difficult to distinguish between the cephalothorax and abdomen of ____ and ____

ticks, mites

3 classes within subphylum chelicerata

merostomata, pycnogonida, arachnida

4 orders within class arachnida

araneae, scorpionida, opiliones, acari

example organism for class merostomata

horseshoe crab

another name for merostomata

xiphosura

a horseshoe crab cephalothorax is completely covered by a…

carapace

function of horseshoe crab telson

flipping over

what do horseshoe crabs use to breathe?

book gills

horseshoe crabs were present ___ million years ago, but today there are only __ extant species

450, 4

the blue blood of Limulus polyphemus coagulates under the presence of ___ _____ bacteria

gram negative

common name for organisms in class pycnogonida

sea spiders

what are ovigers (sea spiders)?

legs specialized for carrying eggs

do male or female sea spiders have ovigers?

male

sea spiders have a _____ that allows them to feed on ______

proboscis, hydroids

are sea spiders small?

yes

the _____ is reduced or even absent in sea spiders

abdomen

there are over ____ species of arachnids

80,000

the abdomen and legs of arachnids can move ______ of each other

independently

example organism for order araneae

spiders

2 functions of spider fangs

inject venom, suck up fluid

spiders have __-__ simple eyes

6-8

different eye arrangement indicates different _____ of spiders

families

the evolution of trachea/spiracle systems signifies a move to…

land

2 features that make spiders unique from other arachnids

spinnerets, silk glands

common name for Maratus spiders

peacock spiders

example organism from order scorpionida

scorpion

scorpion pedipalp function

capture prey

scorpion chelicerae function

shred prey

scorpion telsons are specialized for…

stinging

scorpion maternal care is ____ involved than other arachnids

more

what do scorpions use for sensory?

pectines

venom “works with” vertebrate nervous system to cause…

pain

example organism for order opiliones

daddy longlegs

another common name for order opiliones

harvestmen

harvestmen are more related to ____ than spiders

mites

are daddy longlegs/harvestmen actually venomous?

no

what is autotomy in order opiliones?

ability to shed leg at will

how many eyes do harvestmen have?

2

how many tagmata do harvestmen have?

1

2 example organisms for order acari

ticks, mites