Cardio intervention

Blood Transfusion

IV transfer of blood from donor to recipient

Whole blood or components

Autotransfusion (cell saver)

• Donor receives own blood

• After filtration anticoagulation

• Major surgery/trauma

Autologous Transfusion

Donor’s blood drawn and stored for later

Homologous = someone else’s blood

Apheresis

Blood is drawn,

one or more components removed

White cells

Platelets

Plasma

Rest of blood put back in

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant

Patient receives own marrow

Homologous Bone Marrow Transplant

Patient receives donor marrow

To stimulate formation of new blood cells

Biopsy

Removal of tissue for microscopic examination

Lymph nodes or lymphoid tissue (vessels)

Splenectomy

Removal of Spleen

Lymphadenectomy

Removal of lymph node

Adenoidectomy

Removal of adenoids

Sclerotherapy

Chemical injected into varicose veins

Vein inflammation causes occlusion of vessel

Blood flow is re-routed

Ligation and Stripping

Tying off (ligation) and surgical removal of varicose veins

Can be used to harvest grafts for bypass surgery

Hemorrhoidectomy

Excision of hemorrhoids

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

• External cardiac compressions and artificial respiration

• Maintain oxygenation of brain during cardiac arrest

Cardiac Defibrillator

• External, internal, or implantable device

• Provides electronic shock to heart to restore normal rhythm

Cardiac Pacemaker

• Small, battery operated device

• Helps heart beat in regular rhythm

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

Open heart surgery

Piece of blood vessel from other location is grafted onto coronary artery

Reroutes blood flow

Port-Access CAB (PACAB)

• Heart is stopped

• Bypass surgery accomplished through small incisions in chest

Minimally Invasive Direct CAB (MIDCAB)

• Thoracoscopic surgery

• Done with heart beating

• Minimal incision made in coronary artery

Transmyocardial Revascularization (TMR)

• Laser makes series of small holes in myocardium

• Increases blood flow by stimulating new vessels to grow (angiogenesis)

• Relieves angina in patients who cannot tolerate bypass surgery

Atherectomy

• Removal of plaque from a coronary artery

• Catheter with rotating shaver or laser

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)

• Catheter threaded into coronary artery

• Small balloon at tip is inflated to compress plaque and widen artery

• Stent (wire mesh tube) may be installed to keep vessel open after angioplasty

Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

• Mechanical pump

• Sucks blood out of ventricles and pumps it into arteries

• Used for patients awaiting transplant

Pericardiocentesis

• Surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from pericardium

• Relieve cardiac tamponade

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

• Destruction of abnormal cardiac electrical pathways

• Catheter with specialized device at tip

• Detects and destroys cells emitting abnormal electrical signals using radio waves

Valvuloplasty

Repair of a stenotic heart valve using a balloon tipped catheter

Extracorporeal Circulation (ECC)

Machine circulates blood while heart is stopped during open heart surgery