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Orthologous Gene
Different species, same ancestral gene
Paralogous Gene
Gene duplication within same genome
EST
Expressed gene sequence derived from mRNA
STS
Physical mapping landmark in DNA
Southern Hybridization
Detects DNA
Western Blot
Detects protein
Genetic Mapping
Uses recombination frequency
Physical Mapping
Uses base-pair distance
Sequence Gap
Location known, sequence unknown
Physical Gap
No clone bridges the gap
Sanger Sequencing
Uses ddNTP chain termination
Pyrosequencing
Uses light produced after nucleotide incorporation
RNAi
Silences mRNA
Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Changes DNA sequence intentionally
FISH
Locates genes on chromosomes using fluorescent probes
Yeast Two-Hybrid
Detects protein-protein interaction
Phage Display
Detects protein-target bindin