Psych chapter 16

antianxiety drugs, 652

which relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness.

antidepressant drugs, 654

grad- ually elevate mood and help bring people out of depression. 

antipsychotic drugs, 653

are used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hal- lucinations, and delusions. 

aversion therapy, 648

is a behaviour therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

behaviour therapy, 646

involve the application of learning principles to direct efforts to change clients’ maladaptive behaviours. 

biomedical therapy, 652

are physiological interven- tions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders

client-centred therapy, 641

is an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional cli- mate for clients, who play a major role in deter- mining the pace and direction of their therapy.

cognitive therapy, 649

uses specific strategies to cor- rect habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders.

cognitive-behavioural treatment, 649

use varied combinations of verbal inter- ventions and behaviour modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking.

couples or marital therapy, 645

involves the treatment of both partners in a com- mitted, intimate relationship, in which the main focus is on relationship issues.

deep brain stimulation (DBS), 658

a thin electrode is surgically implanted in the brain and connected to an implanted pulse generator so that various electrical cur- rents can be delivered to brain tissue adjacent to the electrode 

deinstitutionalization, 665

refers to transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institu- tions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.

dream analysis, 639

the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client’s dreams.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 656

is a bio- medical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions.

evidence-based treatment approach, 634

involves, at a minimum, making recommendations for and providing treatment based on sound scien- tific processes, outcomes, and basic research find- ings related to treatment. 

exposure therapy, 648

clients are confronted with situations they fear so they learn that these situations are really harmless.

family therapy, 645

involves the treatment of a family unit as a whole, in which the main focus is on family dynamics and communication. 

free association, 639

clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible

group therapy, 644

is the simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group. 

insight therapy, 639

involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients’ self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behaviour.

mood stabilizer, 655

are drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders.

placebo effect, 671

occur when people’s expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive a fake treatment

psychiatrist, 638

are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

psychoanalysis, 639

is an insight therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defences through techniques such as free association and transference. 

psychopharmacotherapy, 652

is the treatment of mental disorders with medication. 

regression toward the mean, 671

occurs when people who score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time and their new scores fall closer to the mean (average

resistance, 640

refers to largely uncon- scious defensive manoeuvres intended to hinder the progress of therapy.

social skills training, 649

is a behaviour therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes modelling, behavioural rehearsal, and shaping. 

systematic desensitization, 647

is a behaviour therapy used to reduce phobic clients’ anxiety responses through counterconditioning. 

tardive dyskinesia, 653

is a neurological dis- order marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet.

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 658

is a new technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain.

transference, 640

occurs when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives.