Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to non-motor symptoms and the management of Parkinson Disease, as discussed in the lecture.

Parkinson disease (PD)

A progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor and non-motor functions.

Bradykinesia

Abnormal slowness of movement, a key motor symptom in PD.

Rigidity

Stiffness and increased tone of muscles, another motor symptom in PD.

Levodopa

An orally active dopamine precursor used as a symptomatic therapy in PD.

Wearing off periods

Re-emergence of dopamine deficiency-related symptoms during treatment.

Hyposmia

Reduction in the ability to detect odors, commonly associated with PD.

α-Synuclein

A protein that aggregates and forms Lewy bodies, implicated in PD pathology.

Lewy bodies

Abnormal aggregates of α-synuclein protein within neurons, characteristic of PD.

Visual disturbances

Common non-motor symptoms that include visual hallucinations and diplopia in PD.

Depression

A significant non-motor symptom in PD, affecting the patient's quality of life.

Cognitive impairment

Decline in cognitive functions, often occurring in the later stages of PD.

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

A sleep disorder associated with PD where individuals act out dreams.

Psychosis

Includes symptoms like visual hallucinations and delusions, occurring in advanced PD.

Anosmia

Loss of the sense of smell, commonly precedes motor symptoms in PD.

Autonomic dysfunction

Common in PD, impacting bladder, bowel, and cardiovascular functions.

Gastrointestinal dysfunction

Includes symptoms such as constipation and impaired gastric emptying in PD patients.

Apathy

A lack of motivation or interest, common in PD and can occur independently of depression.

Fatigue

A feeling of exhaustion affecting around 50% of individuals with PD.

Sleep attacks

Sudden onset of sleep that can be a symptom in PD.

Pain

Various types of pain syndromes often experienced by PD patients.

Dopaminergic therapy

Treatment approaches using dopamine replacements to alleviate motor symptoms in PD.