unit 2 Apush

Ohio river valley

A region of land in North America both Briten and France wanted it had good soil

George washington

he was a military leader during the French and Indian War, later becoming the first President of the United States.

fort necessity

A fort built by George Washington in 1754 during the French and Indian War, representing the first military engagement of the conflict.

Albany plan of union

A proposal by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 for a unified government

Join or die

A famous political cartoon created by Benjamin Franklin in 1754, symbolizing the need for colonial unity during the French and Indian War.

William Pitt

William Pitt (also called William Pitt the Elder) was a British political leader who helped Britain win the French and Indian War.

treaty of Paris 1763

The agreement that officially ended the French and Indian War, in which France ceded its North American territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.

British war debt

British obtained lots of dept from the 7yearwar/French and Indian war and used taxation to pay it off.

Pontiac war

A rebellion led by native Americans in an attempt to remove British control from the area.

proclamation of 1763

law created by Britain that prevented American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

sugar act

A tax on sugar goods

stamp act

a tax placed on good printed in the us

stamp act congress

a meeting in new York were 9 of the colonies gathered to protest

sons of liberty

were a secret organization of American colonists who protested British taxes, especially the Stamp Act of 1765.

boycotts/nonimportation

way colonist protested the taxs

virtual representation

the idea that parliament represents all British subjects

Declaratory act

A Law passed saying that parliament can still tax and control the colonies

Townshead act

A Tax that taxed all imported good Glass Led ect

Bostan massacre

A fight broke out between angry colonies and British authority 5 people were killed

committees of correspondence

were groups formed by American colonists to communicate with other colonies about British actions and organize resistance.

tea act and Boston tea party

Tea act taxed tea and in rebellion they dumped tea in to the Boston harbor

intolerable acts (coercive)

made colonist pay for all the tea they destroyed

first congenital congress

Was a meeting to discuss a response to the intolerable act

Lexington and concord

It was the first battle between the colonies and Britain

enlightenment

the idea of natural rights reason science and limited government power

john Locke

John Locke influenced the American Revolution by arguing that government should protect natural rights and get its power from the people

natral rights

the idea that every person is born with the rights to life liberty and property

Social Contract

people agree to create a government to protect their rights and keep society organized.

republicanism

a country should be governed by elected representatives

Thomas paine

Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense encouraging independence

Declaration of independence

document written by the American colonists declaring that the 13 colonies are independent nation.

Thomas Jefferson

he was a founding father who was the main author of the declaration of independence.

patriots

People who supported and fought for the independence from Britain.

Loyalists

People in the colonies who still supported great Britain.

Continental Army

army created by the American colonies to fight against Britain during the American revolution.

battle of saratoga

A battle that proved that the us had a change it was consider a turning point because it convinced France to join the war.

French alliance

An alliance between France when the French officerly joined the war

Yorktown

The battle that allowed the continental army to make the British surrender and sign the treaty of pairs.

the treaty of Paris 2rd

The Treaty of Paris ended that war and forced Britain to recognize the colonies as independent countries, and then forced the French west of the Mississippi River.

Lord Dunmor’s Proclamation

Royal governor of Virginia that offered freedom to anyone who joined the British military

Abigail Adams

Married to john Adams she sent a letter asking him to “remember the ladies” when creating the the new Government or declaration of independence

Benjamin rush

was a physician, Founding Father, and supporter of American independence.

republic motherhood

Women in the society were encouraged to educate their sons about the new gov and liberty

gradual emancipation (northern states)

The slow process of abolishing slavery in the northern states.

Virgina statute for religious freedom

A law written by Thomas Jefferson that protected people's right to choose their own religion.

separation of church and state

people believed that the church and gov should not be the same thing they should be seprated.

property requirements for voting

you have to own property to be able to vote.

one vote per state

A rule under the Articles of Confederation that gave each state exactly one vote in Congress, no matter how large or small its population was.

no power to tax

Under the article of confederation the gov was not allowed to tax they had to ask the states to donate money

no power to regulate trade

under the Articles of confederate the gov had no power to regulate trade between the states

no national executive or court

they has do way to judge or enforce laws

land ordinance of 1785

The Land Ordinance of 1785 organized western land into sections so it could be sold and settled.

Northwest ordinance

how western territories could become states.

Shays rebellion

An armed uprising of farmers in Massachusetts who protested high taxes, debt, and the loss of their farms.Vir

Virgina Plan

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for a strong national government with three branches and representation based on population.

New Jersey plan

Every state should have 1 rep per state

Great Compromise

An agreement at the Constitutional Convention that created a two-house (bicameral) Congress, combining the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan.

3/5 Compromise

A black man will could as 3/5 a vote

Electoral colleges

electors from each state officially choose the president and vice president.

Separation of power

The concept that the government is to be broken into 3 branch’s so no branch gets to powerful

Checks and balances

system that ensured that no branch gets to powerful

federalism

where power is equally divided between the state and national

supremacy clause

A part of the Constitution stating that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the highest law of the land.

necessary and proper

gives Congress the power to make laws needed to carry out its listed responsibilities.

federalists

People we support the idea of wanting a stronger national government

Anti federalists

people who feared a stronger central government

Federalist papers

paper written by Hamilton, Madison and Jay to convince the ratification of the NEW us constitution.

bill of rights

first 10 amendments to protect people rights.

cabinet

the 4 people the president surrounds them self’s with

Judiciary act of 1789

established the structure of the federal court system and created the lower federal courts

Alexander Hamilton

was a federalist, founding father and treasury under George Washington

funding at par

Alexander Hamilton's plan to have the federal government repay its Revolutionary War debts at their full original value (face value).

assumption

Alexander Hamilton's plan for the federal government to take over the remaining debts

compromise of 1790

agreement between Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison that allowed the federal government to assume state debts in exchange for placing the nation's permanent capital in the South.

tariffs and the excise tax

Taxes Hamilton supported to raise money

bank of the us

proposed by Hamilton to help the country with their money and dept

strict construction

the gov should only have the power exactly expressed in the constitution

loose construction/implied power

that the constitution should be interpreted broadly but do thing that are not necessary to carry out its responsibility.

Whiskey Rebellion

Gov out taxes on whisky and farms rebelled

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans

The first two major political parties in the United States. They disagreed about how powerful the federal government should be and how the Constitution should be interpreted.

French revolution

Inspired by Enlightenment the French people rebelled against the monarchy and unfair taxes

Neutrality proclamation

declaring that the United States would remain neutral in the war between France and Britain.

Citizen Genet

French diplomat sent to the United States who tried to convince Americans to support France in its war against Britain

jays treaty

agreement between the United States and Great Britain that settled some disagreements left over from the American Revolution

Pinckney Treaty

An agreement between the United States and Spain that gave Americans access to the Mississippi River and the right to use the port of New Orleans for trade.

farewell address

A speech written by George Washington when he announced he would not run for a third presidential term. He warned Americans about dangers that could divide and weaken the country.

Jhon Adams

The second president of the United States a Federalist who supported a strong national government.

Alien and Sedition Acts

law passed by the Jhon Adams that says that they could deport people and that they could quiet people

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

Political statements written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Settlers crossing the Appalachians

American colonists began moving west across the Appalachian Mountains to settle land in the Ohio River Valley and other western areas.

access to Mississippi river

It let people from the middle of the county have access to trade roots and transportation

Western Confederacy/little turtle

alliance of Native American tribes that joined together to resist U.S. settlers moving onto their lands in the Northwest Territory.

battle of fallen timbers

battle between native American to attempt to regain territory

Treaty of Greenville

An agreement between the United States and Native American tribes after the U.S. victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

national identity

A shared sense of belonging and pride in being part of the same nation.

Hail Columbia

A patriotic American song that became popular in the early years of the United States.

portraits and art celebrating Washington

artwork showing George Washington as a hero and symbol of the new United States.