Biology 112 Lab Exam #2 – Comprehensive Study Guide

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering Protists, Protozoans, Fungi, and Lichens based on the Biology 112 Lab Exam #2 study guide.

Eukaryotic

Organisms that possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Polyphyletic

A group that does not contain a single common ancestor and all descendants.

Monophyletic

A group that contains a common ancestor and all its descendants.

Protozoans

Unicellular heterotrophic protists that obtain food by ingestion or absorption.

Pseudopodia

Also known as "false feet," these are structures used by amoebas for movement.

Phagocytosis

The process of engulfing particles, used by amoebas and macrophages for feeding.

Amoeba proteus

An example of a free-living amoeba mentioned in the study guide.

Entamoeba histolytica

The organism responsible for causing amoebic dysentery.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

The historical figure who first described amoebas.

Slime Molds

Protist-like decomposers that feed on bacteria and decaying organic matter.

Test

The shell-like structure possessed by foraminiferans, usually composed of calcium carbonate.

Foraminiferans

Protists with calcium carbonate tests that extend pseudopodia through shell openings; their fossils help study past climates.

Trypanosoma brucei

The flagellate parasite that causes African Sleeping Sickness.

Tsetse flies

The vector responsible for transmitting African Sleeping Sickness.

Trypanosoma cruzi

The flagellate parasite that causes Chagas Disease.

Kissing bugs

The vector responsible for transmitting Chagas Disease.

Oral groove

The structure in a Paramecium that directs food into the organism.

Contractile vacuole

A structure that regulates water within a Paramecium.

Conjugation

The process by which ciliates like Paramecium exchange genetic material.

Vorticella

A bell-shaped ciliate that is attached to a surface by a contractile stalk.

Apicomplexans

Parasitic protozoans that lack locomotory structures in their adult stage.

Plasmodium

The genus of apicomplexans that causes Malaria.

Toxoplasma gondii

The parasite that causes Toxoplasmosis, often associated with cats.

Vector

An organism, such as a mosquito or tsetse fly, that carries and transmits a disease.

Chitin

The material found in the cell walls of fungi.

Hyphae

Individual fungal filaments.

Mycelium

A mass of hyphae that makes up the fungal body.

Haustoria

Specialized fungal structures that absorb nutrients from hosts.

Saprobes

Fungi that act as decomposers in the environment.

Glycogen

The storage carbohydrate used by fungi, unlike the starch used by plants.

Chytridiomycota

The most ancient fungal phylum; they are aquatic and have flagellated spores.

Zygomycota

A phylum of conjugating fungi, such as Rhizopus (bread mold), which forms zygospores.

Rhizopus

A common example of Zygomycota, also known as bread mold.

Glomeromycota

A fungal phylum that forms mycorrhizae with plant roots.

Ascomycota

Known as sac fungi, they produce sexual spores in structures called asci.

Basidiomycota

Known as club fungi, they produce sexual spores on structures called basidia.

Pileus

The anatomical term for the cap of a mushroom.

Stipe

The anatomical term for the stalk of a mushroom.

Basidiocarp

The fruiting body of a mushroom.

Lichen

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner like an alga or cyanobacterium.

Thallus

The body of a lichen.

Crustose

A type of lichen body form that is crust-like.

Foliose

A type of lichen body form that is leaf-like.

Fruticose

A type of lichen body form that is shrub-like.