Module 1: Laws and Regulations Vocabulary Flashcards

A comprehensive set of 50 vocabulary flashcards covering the laws, regulations, governing bodies, and safety protocols of veterinary pharmacology in Canada.

Pharmacology

The study of chemicals administered to produce changes in the body that can save lives, improve quality of life, diagnose diseases, and prevent disease.

Pharmacokinetics

The branch of pharmacology that explores what the body does with drugs once they have entered the system.

Pharmacodynamics

The branch of pharmacology that explores what drugs do to the body to produce an effect.

VCPR

Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship; the legal knowledge of the patient and client required to dispense prescription drugs in Canada.

Designated Veterinarian

The specific individual at a veterinary practice who is ultimately responsible for legal issues arising from the facility's activities.

Health Canada

The federal body that regulates veterinary drugs for food-producing and companion animals and administers the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)

The agency responsible for enforcing the food safety and nutritional quality standards established by Health Canada.

Veterinary Drugs Directorate (VDD)

The body within Health Canada that evaluates and monitors the safety, quality, and effectiveness of veterinary drugs.

CVBC Schedule D

The accreditation standards that set the requirements for veterinarians to practice and maintain pharmacy areas specifically in British Columbia.

NAPRA

National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities; an organization that aims to streamline drug scheduling differences among Canadian provinces and territories.

Pr

The drug packaging label indicator used to identify a prescription drug.

C

The drug packaging label indicator used to identify a controlled substance.

N

The drug packaging label indicator used to identify a narcotic.

T/C

The drug packaging label indicator used to identify a targeted substance.

Controlled Drug Log

A legal document used to record the date, patient, client, amount used, amount discarded, and amount left for every instance a controlled drug is dispensed.

Schedule 1A (BC)

A provincial drug classification in British Columbia for drugs with a high potential for abuse that require a specific controlled prescription format.

CDSA

The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act; federal legislation that schedules substances (I-V) based on their danger and potential for abuse.

AVP

Associated Veterinary Purchasing; a primary buying group and supplier for veterinary drugs located in British Columbia.

WDDC

Western Drug Distribution Center; a supplier and distributor for veterinary products located in Alberta.

CDMV

A Canada-wide supplier and distributor used by veterinary clinics for regular and controlled pharmaceutical products.

Drug Compounding

The process of combining, mixing, or altering ingredients to create a medication tailored to the needs of an individual patient.

Emergency Drug Release (EDR)

A program through which practitioners may request access to unapproved drugs for patients with serious or life-threatening conditions.

Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU)

The use of a drug approved by Health Canada in a manner not in accordance with the label or package insert, such as a different species, dose, or route.

Generic Name

The commonly accepted international non-proprietary name for a drug, which starts with a lowercase letter.

Brand Name

The patented name of a drug from a specific manufacturer, which starts with a capital letter and is often noted with ® or ™ symbols.

Chemical Name

The technical name describing the molecule of a drug; it is rarely used in daily veterinary medicine.

Drug Identification Number (DIN)

A unique number assigned to drug products that is required on drug packaging labels in Canada.

Adverse Veterinary Drug Reactions

Unexpected, serious, or ineffective drug responses that should be voluntarily reported to Health Canada, especially for drugs marketed for less than $7\,\text{years}$.

Withdrawal Time

The required time after drug administration during which an animal or its products cannot be used for food to avoid risks like antibiotic resistance.

gFARAD

The Canadian Global Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank; consulted for advice on withdrawal times when using drugs off-label in food animals.

CMIB

Compendium of Medicating Ingredient Brochures; the document listing medicating ingredients permitted by regulation to be added to livestock feed.

Chloramphenicol

One of the substances specifically prohibited by Health Canada for sale for administration to food-producing animals in Canada.

5-nitrofuran compound

A specific class of chemical compounds banned for use in animals intended for food production in Canada.

Clenbuterol

A drug or derivative that is prohibited for sale and administration to food-producing animals per Canadian regulation C.01.610.1.

5-nitroimidazole compound

A prohibited substance that cannot be administered or sold for use in food-producing animals in Canada.

Diethylstilbesterol

A stilbene compound that is strictly prohibited for use in food-producing animals due to safety regulations.

Incineration

The best and preferred method for disposing of contaminated, spilled, or expired medications in the veterinary clinic.

Denatured

The process of rendering a controlled drug unusable, which must be witnessed and recorded during legal disposal.

Carfentanil

A potent fentanyl analog estimated to be $10,000 \times \text{morphine}$; it requires strict PPE and the presence of a second person during handling.

Naloxone

The reversal agent that must be readily available whenever staff are handling extremely potent opioids like carfentanil.

Misoprostol

A medication that causes strong uterine contractions and must not be handled by pregnant employees or clients.

Waste Anesthetic Gases (WAGs)

Gases that veterinary staff must minimize exposure to during surgical procedures for safety.

Cytotoxic Medications

Higher-risk drugs, such as chemotherapy agents, that require extreme caution during handling and when dealing with patient waste.

Lot Number

A mandatory piece of information on drug packaging labels used to track specific production batches.

Therapeutic Decision Cascade

A set of guidelines developed by the CAHI and CVMA to assist veterinarians in making safe decisions regarding drug compounding.

Herd Health

A management system in large animal practice where a veterinarian visits a farm at periodic intervals to maintain a valid VCPR.

Controlled Prescription Program

A BC program formerly known as the Triplicate/Duplicate Prescription that regulates drugs with a high potential for abuse.

Buprenorphine

A common controlled drug used in veterinary medicine that must be stored in a secure cabinet and logged.

Methimazole

A medication that may be compounded into topical ear gels for cats, requiring handlers to wear gloves to avoid absorption.

Accidental Exposure Rinse Time

The protocol of immediately rinsing with plenty of water for $20\,\text{minutes}$ if medication enters the eyes, mouth, or touches skin.