Urinary System

Where are the kidneys located?

retroperitoneally, on either side of the vertebral column, at the level of the T12 to L3 vertebrae.

What are the three processes that occur in the nephron?

Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion.

What is micturition?

the process of expelling urine from the bladder through the urethra.

What factors affect the composition of blood?

diet, metabolism, and excretion.

What are the four major roles of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis of the blood?

regulate blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance.

What is the thirst mechanism?

a physiological response that triggers the sensation of thirst when the body is dehydrated or when blood osmolarity increases.

What is the role of Antidiuretic hormone ADH in urine formation?

increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine volume and concentrating the urine.

What is the role of Aldosterone in urine formation?

promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys, which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

What is the bicarbonate buffer system?

a major buffer system in the body that helps maintain pH balance by neutralizing excess acids or bases using bicarbonate ions.