SP26 IST 1714-VA1 - Java Programming Language - Finale Exam

A _____ chooses among alternative courses of action based on some value within a program.

decision structure

A _____ is separated with a question mark and a colon.

conditional operator

A(n) _____ is particularly useful when two conditions must be met before some action is taken.

nested if statement

Although it is possible to block statements that depend on an if, you cannot likewise block statements that depend on an else.

False

Based on the flowchart, which decision statement will correctly check that hoursWorked is greater than or equal to the FULL_WEEK constant?

hoursWorked >= FULL_WEEK

Computers contain switches that are set to on or off.

True

Just as you can block statements that depend on an if, you can also block statements that depend on a(n) _____.

else

The AND operator is written as two _____.

ampersands ( && )

The _____ operator is written as the exclamation point (!).

NOT

The _____ statement is useful when you need to test a single variable against a series of exact integer, character, or string values.

switch

The compiler does not take indentation into account when compiling code, but consistent indentation can help readers understand a program’s _____.

logic

The conditional operator requires three expressions separated with a question mark and a colon.

True

The disadvantage to using the conditional operator is that it _____.

can be difficult to read

The expressions on each side of the && and || operators are evaluated only as far as necessary to determine whether the entire expression is true or false. This feature is called a _____.

short-circuit evaluation

The logical structure called a(n) _____ structure is one where one step follows another unconditionally.

sequence

The simplest statement you can use to make a decision is the _____ statement.

if

When using equals and not equals for comparisons with objects, you compare the objects’ _____ instead of actual values.

memory addresses

When writing an if statement with the two-line format, you must be sure to type a semicolon at the end of the first line in order to ensure accurate results.

False

When you create a block, you must place multiple statements within it.

False

When you place a block within an if statement, it is crucial to place the _____ correctly.

curly braces

When you use the && operator, you must include a complete _____ on each side.

Boolean expression

Which of the following switch expressions determines whether a number between 1 to 5 is even or odd?

switch (number) { case 1, 3, 5 -> System.out.println("Odd number"); case 2,4 -> System.out.println ("Even number"); default -> System.out.println("Invalid number"); }

You are never required to use a switch structure; you can always achieve the same results with _____ statements.

nested if

You use the NOT operator, which is written as the exclamation point ( ! ), to negate the result of any Boolean expression.

True

_____ requires three expressions separated with a question mark and a colon.

The conditional operator

A _____ consists of written steps in diagram form, as a series of shapes connected by arrows.

flowchart

A(n) _____ is a series of if statements that determine whether a value falls within a specified range.

range check

A(n) _____ statement is the decision structure you use when you need to take one or the other of two possible courses of action.

dual-alternative if

An alternative to using a Boolean expression, such as someVariable == 10, is to store the Boolean expression’s value in a boolean type variable.

True

Both & and | are valid Java operators, but a single & or | with integer operands operates on individual _____ rather than making comparisons in logical conditions as && and || do.

bits

In the switch structure, break is followed by one of the possible values for the test expression and a colon.

False

Statements in which an if structure is contained inside another if structure are commonly called _____ if statements.

nested

The _____ operator is always evaluated before the OR operator.

AND

When working with logical operators, you can always use _____ to change precedence.

parentheses

When you block statements, you must remember that any _____ you declare within a block is local to that block.

variable

When you execute an if…else statement, only one of the resulting actions takes place depending on the evaluation of the _____ following the if.

Boolean expression

When you use nested if statements, you must pay careful attention to the placement of any else clauses.

True

Which of the following options determine equivalency?

A double equal sign (==)

Which operator has the highest precedence?

NOT ( ! )

You can use the _____, which is written as ||, if you want some action to occur when at least one of two conditions is true.

conditional OR operator

You write pseudocode in everyday language, not the syntax used in a programming language.

True

A _____ is a structure that allows repeated execution of a block of statements.

loop

A for loop provides a convenient way to create a(n) _____ loop.

counter-controlled

A loop that never ends is called a(n) _____.

infinite loop

A(n) ____ loop is one that performs no actions other than looping.

do-nothing

A(n) _____ loop is a special loop that is used when a definite number of loop iterations is required.

for

Before entering a loop, the first input statement, or the ____, is retrieved.

priming read

How many times will outputLabel be called?

60

In a do…while loop, the loop will continue to execute until ____.

the loop control variable is false

In the expressions b = 8 and c = --b, what value will be assigned to the variable c?

7

Making a comparison to 0 is slower than making a comparison to any other value.

False

Many seasoned programmers start counter values at 1 because they are used to doing so when working with arrays.

False

One execution of any loop is called a(n) _____.

iteration

Shortcut operators are a programmer’s only choice when incrementing or accumulating a variable’s value.

False

The _____ loop is the posttest loop used in Java.

do ... while

The process of repeatedly increasing a value by some amount is known as _____.

accumulating

Use a(n) ____ loop to execute a body of statements continually as long as the Boolean expression that controls entry into the loop continues to be true.

while

What is wrong with the following code?

A semicolon at the end of the while expression

What kind of loop is the following code?

Event-driven

When nesting loops, the variable in the outer loop changes more frequently.

False

Which of the following is an illegal method to increase a variable named score by 1?

++score = score + 1

Consider int value=24. Which of the following postfix increment operators adds 1 to a value?

value++

With _____ loops, the order of the conditional expressions can be important.

nested

You can initialize one or more variables in the first section of a for statement.

True

You use a unary minus sign preceding a value to make the value _____.

negative

_____ is the process of ensuring that a value falls within a specified range.

Validating data

A counted loop is the same as an indefinite loop.

False

A(n) ____ is a kind of indefinite loop.

event-controlled loop

A(n) _____ is a body with no statements in it.

empty body

Assume d and x are integers: d = 5; x = 2 * ++d; What is the value of x?

12

In order to improve loop performance, it’s important to make sure the loop does not include unnecessary operations or statements.

True

It is important that the loop control ____ be altered within the body of the loop.

variable

Programmers rarely use indefinite loops when validating input data.

False

The ____ loop checks the value of the loop control variable at the bottom of the loop after one repetition has occurred.

do…while

The statements that make up a loop body will continue to execute as long as the expression value remains false.

False

What is the output of the following code? int loopCount = 1; while(loopCount < 3) { System.out.println("Hello"); loopCount = loopCount + 1; }

Hello

Hello

What is the output of the following code? int loopCount = 1; while(loopCount < 3) System.out.println("Hello"); loopCount = loopCount + 1;

This is an infinite loop.

What is the output of the following code? for (int loop = 1; loop

122122

What is the output of the following code? int loopCount = 3; while(loopCount > 1) { System.out.println("Hello"); loopCount = loopCount - 1; }

Hello

Hello

What is wrong with the following code? while (4>2) System.out.println ("Hi there");

An infinite loop

When creating a for loop, which statement will correctly initialize more than one variable?

for(a=1, b=2)

When you want to increase a variable’s value by exactly 1, use the _____.

prefix increment operator

Which of the following is an infinite loop? loopCount = 1; while(loopCount < 3); { System.out.println("Hello"); }

The semicolon after the while condition creates an empty body infinite loop.

Consider int value=24. Which of the following prefix increment operators adds 1 to a value?

++value

You can use virtually any number of nested loops; however, at some point, your machine will no longer be able to store all the necessary looping information.

True

_____ is a technique that can improve loop performance by combining two loops into one.

Loop fusion

A StringBuilder object contains a memory block called a _____, which might or might not contain a string.

buffer

A _____ is a class for storing and manipulating changeable data that is composed of multiple characters.

StringBuilder

A literal string is a(n) _____ object.

anonymous

A(n) _____ comparison is based on the integer Unicode values of the characters.

lexicographical

A(n) _____ is a variable that holds a memory address.

reference

String oneStr = "Welcome Jim" String twoStr = "Welcome Joe" Given the lines of code, which of the following regionMatches () expressions will result in a value of true?

oneStr.regionMatches(0, twoStr, 0, 7)

String s and other objects that can’t be changed are known as _____.

immutable

System.out.println("Your name is " + yourName); The statement provided is an example of _____, which is used to join Strings.

concatenation

The Character class _____ java.lang.Object.

inherits from

The String class _____ method evaluates the contents of two String objects to determine if they are equivalent.

equals()

The String class _____ method is similar to the equals() method... this method does not consider case...

equalsIgnoreCase()

The _____ method allows you to replace all occurrences of some character within a String.

replace()

The _____ method lets you add characters at a specific location within a StringBuilder object.

insert()