cerebrum

what does the cerebrum consist of?

two cerebral hemispheres

how are the 2 cerebral hemispheres separated?

falx cerebri of the dura mater

how are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected?

corpus callosum - white matter

what is the internal structure of the cerebrum composed of?

grey and white matter

where is the grey matter found?

on the surface of each cerebral hemisphere - called the cerebral cortex

what is grey matter associated with?

cell bodies - processing and cognition

where is the white matter found?

deeper parts of the brain

what is white matter composed of?

glial cells and myelinated axons that connect the grey matter areas

what does the external structure of the cerebrum consist of?

sulci and gyri

what are sulci?

grooves

what are gyri?

ridges

what is the sulcus that separates the 2 hemispheres?

longitudinal fissure

what are the 3 other main sulci?

- central sulcus

- lateral sulcus

- lunate sulcus

what does the central sulcus separate?

frontal + parietal lobes

what does the lateral sulcus separate?

frontal + parietal lobes from temporal lobe

where is the lunate sulcus located?

occipital lobe

what are the 4 main gyri?

- precentral gyrus

- postcentral gyrus

- superior temporal gyrus

- cingulated gyrus

where is the precentral gyrus?

anterior to central sulcus (frontal lobe)

what does the precentral gyrus contain?

primary motor cortex

where is the postcentral gyrus?

posterior to central sulcus (parietal lobe)

what does the postcentral gyrus contain?

primary somatosensory cortex

where is the superior temporal gyrus?

inferior to lateral sulcus (temporal lobe)

where is the cingulate gyrus?

above corpus callosum

what is the the cingulate gyrus involved in?

limbic system - memory and emotion regulation

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

- frontal

- parietal

- temporal

- occipital

where is the frontal lobe located?

most anteriorly, beneath frontal bone

what is the frontal lobe associated with? (7)

- higher intellect

- judging

- problem solving

- personality

- mood

- social conduct

- language

- speech (expressive language)

where is the parietal lobe?

beneath the parietal bone, between frontal lobe and occipital lobe

what is the parietal lobe associated with? (7)

- senses: touch, taste and smell

- differentiation: size, shape and colour

- visuospatial functions

- reading

- writing

- maths calculations

- academic skills

where is the temporal lobe?

beneath temporal bone, inferior to frontal and parietal lobes

what is the temporal lobe associated with? (5)

- hearing (contains primary auditory cortex)

- memory

- understanding language

- musical awareness

- learning

what area exactly in the primary auditory cortex in?

Heschl's gyri

where is the occipital lobe?

beneath occipital bone, most posterior part of cerebrum

what does the occipital lobe sit on?

tentorium cerebellli - where cerebrum and cerebellum are separated

what is the occipital lobe associated with?

- vision (contains primary visual cortex)

where is the wernicke's area and what does it do?

in superior temporal gyrus - speech comprehension

where is the broca's area and what does it do?

front lobe - speech production

what 3 arteries supply the cerebrum?

- anterior cerebral arteries

- middle cerebral arteries

- posterior cerebral arteries

where do the anterior cerebral arteries branch from and supply to?

- branch of internal carotid arteries

- supplies anteromedial cerebrum

where do the middle cerebral arteries branch from and supply to?

- branch of interal carotid arteries

- supplies lateral portions of cerebrum

where do the posterior cerebral arteries branch from and supply to?

- branch of the basilar arteries

- supplies medial and lateral sides of cerebrum posteriorly

draw a diagram of the 3 cerebral arteries and where they supply the cerebrum?

which veins drain the cerebrum?

small cerebral veins

where do the small cerebral veins empty into?

dural venous sinuses

where are the dural venous sinuses?

between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater

where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

internal jugular vein

how many venous sinuses are there in total?

11

what are the sagittal sinuses?

- straight

- superior

- inferior

what is the straight sagittal sinus a continuation of?

great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus

where are the sagittal sinuses found?

falx cerebri of dura mater

where do the sagittal sinuses converge?

confluence of sinuses

what extends from the confluence of sinuses?

transverse sinus bilaterally

what happens to the transverse sinus?

curves into the sigmoid sinus

where does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

internal jugular vein

where is the cavernous sinus located?

either side of the sella turcica

what does the cavernous sinus drain?

ophthalmic veins

what does the cavernous sinus drain into?

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

where do the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses drain into?

internal jugular vein