Acquiring Medical Language Chapter 8

antibody

substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

antigen

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

apheresis

general term for process in which blood is filtered, seaprated, a portion is removed, and remainder is returned.

anemia

reduction of blood cells noticed by the patient by weakness and fatigue

anisocytosis

condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells

anticoagulant

drug that prevents the coagulation of blood

aplastic anemia

anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities

asplenia

absence of a spleen or of spleen function

autoimmune disease

a disease caused by the body's immune system attacking the body's own healthy tissue

bilirubinemia

the presence of bilirubin (red bile; a substance derived from red blood cells that have completed their life span) in the blood

coagulopathy

any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

cytapheresis

aphaeresis to remove cellular material

deep vein thrombosis

the formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

coagulation

creating a blood clot

uremia

presence of urine in the blood

transfusion

infusion into patient of blood from another source

tonsilitis

inflammation of a tonsil

tonsillectomy

surgical removal of a tonsil

thymopathy

disease of the thymus

thymoma

tumor of the thymus

thymic hyperpalasia

overdevelopment of the thymus

thymectomy

surgical removal of the thymus

thrombus

blood clot

thrombosis

formation of a blood clot

thombophlebitis

inflammation of a vein caused by a clot

thrombolytic

drug that breaks down blood clots

thrombogenic

capable of producing a blood clot

thromboembolism

blockage of a vessel caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed

thrombocytosis

increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)

thrombocytopenia

deficiency in the number of platelets

thrombocyte

cell that helps blood clot

splenorrhexis

rupture of the spleen

splenopathy

disease of the spleen

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

splenomalacia

softening of the spleen

splenolysis

break down of spleen tissue

splenodynia

pain in the spleen

spenitis

inflammation of the spleen

splenectopy

displacement of the spleen

splenectomy

surgical removal of the spleen

splenalgia

pain in the spleen

sphygmomanometer

fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure

spherocytosis

condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape

septicemia

presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood

reticulocyte

immature red blood cell

reperfusion injury

injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored

coagul/o

stopping bleeding

cyt/o

cell

-emia

blood condition

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

immun/o

immune system

leuk/o

white

lymph/o

lymph

mel/o

bone marrow

-penia

deficiency

pleb/o

vein

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

clot

thym/o

thymus

tonsill/o

tonsils

ven/o

vein

ecchymosis

large bruise

elliptocyte

oval-shaped red blood cell

elliptocytosis

condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval-shaped red blood cells

embolism

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

erythrocyte

red blood cell

erythrocytosis

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

hematocrit

test to judge or separate the blood; used to determine the ratio of red blood cells of total blood volume

hematology

study of the blood

hematoma

mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue

hematopoiesis

formation of blood cells

hemoglobin

iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells

hemoglobinopathy

disease of the hemoglobin

hemolysis

breakdown of blood cells

hemolytic anemia

anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells

hemophilia

condition in which the blood doesn't clot, thus causing excessive bleeding

hemorrhage

excessive blood loss

hemostatic

drug that stops the flow of blood

hepatosplenitis

inflammation of the liver and spleen

hepatosplenomegaly

enlargement of the liver and spleen

hyperbilirubinemia

excessive bilirubin

hypercholesterolemia

excessive cholesterol in the blood

hypersplenism

increased spleen activity

hypercoagulability

increased ability of the blood to coagulate

hyperlipidemia

excessive fat in the blood

hypervolemia

increased blood volume

hypoperfusion

inadequate flow of blood

hypovolemia

decreased blood volume

immunocompromised

having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease

immunodeficiency

immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease-causing organisms

immunoglobulin

protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease

immunologist

specialist in the immune system

immunology

study of the immune system

immunosuppression

reduction in the activity of the body's immune system

iron deficiency anemia

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

laparosplenectomy

surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen

Petechia

Small bruise

lymphadenopathy

any disease of a lymph gland