CFS exam 1 (copy)

what does the science of human development seek to understand?

how and why people change over time

parents who spend a great deal of time and money trying to find the best school for their children understand the importance of ______ as it relates to development

nurture

which is an example of nature

having the gene for epilepsy

People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who usually share the same language and customs are part of the same _____.

ethnic group

The _____ domain includes all of the growth and change that occur in a person's body and the general health factors that affect that growth and change.

physical

The _____ domain includes development of emotions, temperament, and social skills.

psychosocial

The _____ domain includes all of the mental processes that a person used to obtain knowledge or information from the environment.

cognitive

What is an independent variable?

it is the variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher

Nature is more important than nurture in how a trait or behavior is expressed.

False

Within the context of Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, a person's immediate surrounding, including peer group, are part of the macrosystems level.

fase

Which is the correct order of the stages of Freud's psychosexual theory, beginning with infancy and ending with the preschool years?

oral, anal, phallic

Unlike Freud, Erikson _____.

proposed a theory of the entire life span

A balloon popped and made Bobby cry. It happened again when he was at a friend's birthday party. Now when Bobby sees a balloon, he starts to cry. Bobby cries in response to the balloon because of _____.

classical conditioning

Observational learning is also called _____.

modeling

Which of these is the correct sequential order of Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Which Russian theorist emphasized the cultural context?

Vygotsky

Sally is helping her mom make a cake. Her mom helps Sally pick out the right ingredient, measure them, and mix them together. According to Vygotsky, Sally is engaging in _____.

guided participation

____ is the process by which genes for traits that aid survival and reproduction are selected over time to allow the species to thrive.

Selective adaptation

Sociocultural theory states that human development results from the dynamic interaction between a person's genes and unconscious drives.

false

Preferences for emotional and sexual faithfulness between romantic partners have been explained from an evolutionary perspective.

true

A(n) ____ is one of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23 pairs) that virtually every cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes.

chromosome

The name of the full set of genes that provides the instructions for making living organisms is the ____.

genome

Every person begins life as a single cell, which is called a ____

zygote

Allen learning in his college biology class that, in sex chromosomes, the _____.

X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome and has more genes

Lacy had a recessive gene in her genotype that is not expressed in her phenotype. She is a(n) _____ of that gene.

carrier

An individual with an extra chromosome on the 21st pair of chromosome has _____

down syndrome

Genetic counseling may be most useful to first-time parents at which stage?

before becoming pregnant

If the 23rd pair of chromosomes contains two X chromosomes, then that individual is a male

false

Heritability indicates how much of the variation of a trait can be traced to genes

true

Genes and alleles for alcohol use disorder have been found exclusively on the Y chromosome.

false

Cindy is doing a presentation on prenatal development and wants to include the three main periods of prenatal development in order from conception to birth. In which order should Cindy list the periods?

germinal, embryonic, and fetal

About a week after conception, the outer layer of the multiplying cells forms a shell that will become the _____.

placenta

In the first stage of labor, the _____

cervix dilates to allow passage of the baby's head

Which step is usually done immediately after birth?

Mucus in the baby's throat is removed.

A teratogen is any agent or condition that increases the risk for _____

prenatal abnormalities

Gabby received good quality prenatal care from the care team at her local hospital. She was informed about what to eat and what to do. They also coached her on what to _____, such as cigarette smoking and very high stress.

avoid

In the United States, which is a potential reason for the rise in the frequency of low-birthweight babies?

drug use

Between 8 and 15 percent of all women experience postpartum depression in the days and weeks after giving birth

true

Fathers do not seem to have any impact on birthweight outcomes.

false

Teratogens increase the risk of harm but do not always cause damage.

true

Multidirectional

Within a given period, development can increase or decrease

Multidisciplinary

Development is influenced by many disciplines

Multicontextual

Time period and environment person is born and raised in is important.

Multicultural

The patterns of behavior that are passed from one generation to the next

Plasticity

Skills are not static; can change with practice

FaceTime when a particular type of development growth (in the body or behavior) must happen

Critical period

A time, when a certain type of development is most likely to happen, and happens most easily

Sensitive period

Change in number or amount

Quantitative

Change in kind

Qualitative

The ecological systems approach is the view that a study of human development, the person should be considered in all the context and interactions that constitute of life

Multidisciplinary