Chapter 3 : Evolution
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17 Terms
What is evolution?
A change in the genetic composition of a population over generations, which might result in the creation of a new species.
What is a population?
A group of a particular species living and interbreeding in the same geographical area.
What is genetic variation?
The differences in DNA sequences between individuals within a population.
What is allele frequency?
The relative proportion of a specific allele within a population.
What is variation?
The range of differences or diversity in traits, characteristics or genetic makeup among individuals.
What are the 5 key drivers of evolution?
Mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection and sexual reproduction.
What is mutation?
a random spontaneous or induced change in the genetic sequence of an organisms DNA, can introduce new alleles in terms of evolution that can benefit or hinder a species.
What is gene flow?
the movement of genetic information from one population to another through migration.
What is genetic drift?
The random change in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation.
What is the founder effect?
When a small group of individuals leaves a population to establish their own colony, decreasing genetic diversity
What is the bottleneck effect?
The decrease in genetic diversity when the size of at least one generation of a population is wiped out by events like human hunting or natural disasters, leaving a small random population behind.
What is gene pool?
The total set of genes and alleles present in a population
What is natural selection?
The process in which those organisms whose phenotype is best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life on earth, including the diversity of species and genetic differences .
What is the process of natural selection?
Variation, differential survival, heritability, change over time
What is selection pressures?
A factor that affects the relative fitness or reproductive success of individuals within a population.
What is speciation?
The process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.