VUJC A+P 2 Lecture Blood
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46 Terms
What tissue is blood
Connective tissue
What does blood not have
Fibers
What formed elements does it have
Cells (red and white), and platelets (cell fragments)
What is the function of blood
transport
What is hematocrit
a test used to estimate overall blood composition
What is hematopoiesis
making new blood cells in red bone marrow
What is hematopoietic stem cells?
the cells that all formed elements grow from also called hemocytoblasts
What is the function of red blood cells
carry oxygen
What are red blood cells also called
erythrocytes
What is hemoglobin?
How the RBCs carry oxygen
What is erythropoietin
hormone from the kidneys
What happens if you dont have enough RBCs
Anemia
What happens if you have to many RBCs
Polycythemia
What are the two types of anemia and what they look like
Iron deficiency (full moon shaped)
Sickle cell (half moon)
How long do RBCs live
120 days and then rupture in spleen or liver
What is jaundice
Yellowing from bilirubin in skin
What are white blood cells also called
Leukocytes
What 2 types of WBCs are there
Granulocytes (granules) and Agranulocytes (no granules)
What granulocytes are in WBCs
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
What agranulocytes are in WBCs
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What do WBCs do
Chemotaxis- attracted to signals from damaged cells
Diapedesis: squeeze through wall of capillary
What are neutrophils
The most common (60%) and their function is phagocytosis (cells known as phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles)
They also have a quick response when infection occurs
What are eosinophils
They are rare (1-3%) and fight parasites, some phagocytosis, inhibit inflammation and allergy
What are basophils
They are rare (less than 1%) and increase blood flow to injured tissures by releasing histamine (causes inflammation) and heparin (prevents clotting)
What are monocytes
They are uncommon (3-9%) and enter tissues and become macrophages (phagocytes, and are longer lasting than neutrophils)
What are lymphocytes
They are the second most common (25-33%) and act as active immunity
How to remember WBC names
Never
Let
Monkeys
Eat
Bananas
How do tell if it has granules or not
“phil” name is a granulocyte
“cyte” name is an agranulocyte
What is leukocytosis
more than normal
What is leukopenia
less than normal
What is leukemia?
Bone marrow cancer from large numbers of immature WBCs in circulation
What are platelets also called?
Thrombocytes W
What are platelets
Tiny chucks of cell and blood clotting to stimulate constrictions of vessel
What is plasma?
mainly water and transports nutrients
What are the plasma proteins
albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
(all but globulins are produced by liver)
What does albumins do
helps keep liquid in cell
What are globulins
help transport liquid
What is fibrinogen
for clotting
What is hemostasis
How the body fixes a leak
What is a vascular spasm
small blood vessels in damaged area constrict
What are the two antigens in the ABO blood groups
A and B
Type A has which antigens:
has A only
Type B has which antigens
Has B only
Type AB has which antigens
has both A and B
Type O has which antigens
has neither A or B
What is Erythroblastosis fetalis
Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition in which a mother’s immune system attacks her fetus’s red blood cells, usually due to Rh or ABO blood type incompatibility.
Only a problem if mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+
Prevention- Rhogam