8.1 History vocab

reconstruction

a program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair damage to the South caused by the Civil War and to restore the southern states to the Union

carpetbagger

a negative term for Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War

scalawag

a negative term for a southern white who supported the Republican Party after the Civil War

radical republicans

congressmen who advocated full citizenship rights for African Americans along with a harsh Reconstruction policy toward the South

Wade-Davis Bill

a law that required a majority of prewar voters in Confederate states to swear loyalty to the Union before restoration could begin

Freedmen’s Bureau

a federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and poor white farmers in the South after the Civil War

Andrew Johnson

(1808–1875) was a Tennessee tailor who rose to become the seventeenth President of the United States. In 1864, Johnson became Vice President under President Lincoln. Less than a year later, he became President following Lincoln's assassination. His disputes with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction led to his impeachment in 1868. After his presidency, Johnson returned to Tennessee. He served as a U.S. Senator until his death.

Black codes

laws that restricted African Americans' rights and opportunities

Civil rights Act of 1866

a law that established federal guarantees of civil rights for all citizens

fourteenth amendment

an 1868 constitutional amendment that defined citizenship and guaranteed citizens equal protections under the law

impeach

to accuse a public official of wrongdoing in office

integration

the process of bringing together people of different races, religions, and social classes

sharecropping

a system in which a farmer tends to a portion of a planter's land in return for a share of the crop

share-tenancy

the farmer chooses what crop to plant and buys the supplies

tenant farming

a system in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the land

Ku Klux Klan

an organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic, racial, and religious groups

Enforcement Acts

1870 and 1871 laws, that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote

Segregation

the act, process, or state of separating, isolating, or setting apart a race, class, or group from the rest of society, often through legal mandates or social pressures