Types, Properties, and Uses of Timber in Construction and Manufacturing

What are the two main types of natural wood?

Hardwood and softwood.

Why are hardwoods generally more expensive than softwoods?

Hardwoods take longer to grow and replace.

What is the process of converting felled trees into planks called?

Timber conversion.

What is 'green timber'?

Newly cut timber that contains a lot of moisture.

What is the purpose of seasoning timber?

To reduce the moisture content.

What is Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)?

A manufactured board made from broken down waste hardwood or softwood combined with a resin binder.

What is the difference between air dried and kiln dried timber?

Air dried timber is a slow process with natural air circulation, while kiln dried timber uses steam to quickly reduce moisture content.

What is plywood made from?

Thin layers or veneers of wood glued together with each layer's grain rotated at 90°.

What is chipboard made from?

Wood chips mixed with resin, pressed into sheets.

What properties should designers consider when selecting timber?

Strength, hardness, durability, and workability.

Why is larch a suitable timber for outdoor use?

It is durable, hard, and resistant to extremes of climate due to its natural oil content.

What is a common use for manufactured boards?

Making flat pack furniture.

What are the advantages of using manufactured boards?

They are cheaper, more consistent, and easier to work with than natural wood.

What are the disadvantages of flat pack furniture?

It chips easily and can swell or distort when wet.

What characteristics make hardwoods like beech and oak suitable for children's toys?

They are hard, durable, have a dense grain, and can be sanded to a smooth surface.