FSHN 3600 Final Exam Terms

FSHN 3600

Primary Protein Structure

amino acid sequence

Secondary protein structure

Hydrogen bonding

Tertiary protein structure

Disulfide bridges, acid-base interactions, polar-nonpolar interactions

Quaternary protein structure

Multiple subunits, disulfide bridges

What is an example of PTM in a macronutrient?

Glycogenolysis

Insulin stimulates PP1

• Turns ON glycogenesis

• Turns OFF glygenolysis

Glucagon stimulates PKA

• Turns ON glycogenolysis

• Turns OFF glycogenesis

Muscle v. Liver

GK v. HK

• Insulin induces GK NOT HK

• Glc-6-Ptase (liver only)

What is an example of allosteric regulation in a micronutrient?

Niacin (NAD) & pantothenate (CoA)

What is an example of allosteric regulation in a macronutrient?

CHO metabolism

Fed State

• Acetyl CoA induces PDH

• Citrate induces PFK

Fasted State

• NADH, ATP —→ PDH, IDH, alpha KGDH

What is an example of induction in macronutrients?

Glycogenolysis

What is an example of induction in micronutrients?

Regulation of Metallothionine (MT) Abundance LIGAND: Increased [Zn] or [Cu] intracellular MTF-1, MPB binds to MRE (found in promotor region of MT gene) Regulation of Gene Expression in Vit. A & D Tissue specific Vitamin D  1-25 (OH)2 vit D3 (LIGAND) ENTEROCYTE, signal: decreased Ca++ [blood] TRPV6 (membrane), Calbindin (takes up Ca++), PMCA RECEPTOR: DPB, VDR, RXR, VDRE Vitamin A  all-trans-RA (LIGAND) LIVER CRAPB, RAR, RXR, RARE RECEPTOR: PEPCK, GH