CLP4314 Chapter 3: Health Behaviors

Health Promotion

a philosophy that has at its core the idea that good health, or wellness, is a personal and collective achievement

Health behaviors

behaviors undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their health

Health habit

a health behavior that is firm established and often performed automatically, without awareness

At risk

a state of vulnerability to a particular health problem by virtue of heredity, health practices, or family environment

primary prevention

instilling good health habits ad changing poor ones

health locus of control scale

measures the degree to which people perceive their health to be under personal control, control by the health practitioner, or chance

socialization

the process by which people learn the norms, rules, and beliefs associated with their family and society; parents and social institutions are usually the major agents of socialization

teachable moments

the idea that certain times are more effective for teaching particular health practices than others

window of vulnerability

the fact that, at certain times, people are more vulnerable to particular health problems

fear appeals

this approach assumes that if people are afraid that a particular habit is hurting their health, they will change their behavior to reduce their fear

health belief model

an early influential attitude theory of why people practice health behaviors

self-efficacy

the belied that one can control one's practice of a particular behavior

theory of planned behavior

derived from the theory of reasoned action, a theoretical viewpoint maintaining that a person's behavioral intentions and behaviors can be understood by knowing the person's attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms regarding the behavior, and perceived behavioral control over that action

self-determination theory

a theory that also guides health behavior modification, builds on the idea that people are actively motivated to pursue their goals

cognitive-behavior therapy

the use of principles from learning theory to modify the cognitions and behaviors associated with a behavior to be modified

self-monitoring

assessing the frequency, antecedents, and consequences of a target behavior to be modified; also known as self-observation

discriminative stimulus

an environmental stimulus that is capable of eliciting a particular behavior

stimulus-control interventions

involve ridding the environment of discriminative stimuli that evoke the problem behavior, and creating new discriminative stimuli signaling that a new response will be reinforced

classical conditioning

the pairing of an unconditioned reflex with a new stimulus producing a conditioned reflex

operant conditioning

paris a voluntary behavior with systematic consequences

self-control

the person acts as his or her own therapist and, together with outside guidance, learns to control the antecedents and consequences of the target behavior

cognitive restructuring

trains people to recognize and modify these internal monologues to promote health behavior change

self-reinforcement

systematically rewarding oneself to increase or decrease the occurrence of a target behavior

modeling

learning that occurs from witnessing another person perform a behavior

contingency contracting

an individual forms a contract with another person, such as a therapist or one's spouse, detailing what rewards or punishments are contingent on the performance or nonperformance of a behavior

behavioral assignments

home practice activities that support the goals of therapeutic intervention

social skills or assertiveness training

techniques that teach people how to relax and interact comfortably in social situations

relaxation training

involving deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation

abstinence violation effect

a feeling of loss of control that results when a person has violated self-imposed rules

relapse prevention

a set of techniques designed to keep people from relapsing to prior poor halt habits after initial successful behavior modification

self-talk

internal monologues; people tell themselves things that may undermine or help them implement appropriate health habits

lifestyle rebalancing

long-term maintenance of behavior change can be promoted by leading the person to make other health-oriented lifestyle changes

transtheoretical model of behavior change

a model that analyzes the stages and processes people go through in bringing about a change in behavior and suggested treatment goals and interventions for each stage

social engineering

modifies the environment in ways that affect people's abilities to practice a particular health behavior

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