Micro Exam 1 - Names to Know

Proteobacteria

Proteobacteria

What phylum is the largest and most metabolically diverse?

Proteobacteria

What phylum is all gram-negative and has a variety of morphologies?

gram-negative

Are Proteobacteria gram-positive or gram-negative?

Gammaproteobacteria

What class is the largest within Proteobacteria?

Proteobacteria

What phylum is Gammaproteobacteria in?

Neisseria

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum is always cocci?

Neisseria

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum has diverse chemoorganotrophs, is commonly isolated from animals, and is sometimes pathogenic?

Proteobacteria

What phylum is Neisseria in?

Escherichia

What genus within the Proteobacteria contains non-sporulating rods and is closely related to Salmonella?

Rods

What shape are Escherichia?

Escherichia

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum is the universal inhabitant of intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals and synthesizes vitamins (particularly K) for the host?

What type of metabolism does Escherichia have?

Facultative anaerobic

Proteobacteria

What phylum is Escherichia in?

Salmonella

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum contains non-spouralating rods and is closely related to Escherichia?

Salmonella

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum is almost always pathogenic (causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis)?

Salmonella

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum is found in warm and cold blooded animals?

Proteobacteria

What phylum is Salmonella in?

Vibrio

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum contains facultatively aerobic (ferment) rods and curved rods?

Vibrio

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum can be bioluminescent?

Vibrio

What genus within the Proteobacteria phylum is mostly aquatic?

Proteobacteria

What phylum is Vibrio in?

Firmicutes

What phylum contains low G+C gram positives?

Streptococcus

What genus within the Firmicutes phylum has cocci that occur in pairs or chains and has some species that are pathogenic?

Streptococcus

What genus within the Firmicutes phylum is important in the production of fermented products and can form dental cavities?

Firmicutes

What phylum is Streptococcus in?

Staphylococcus

What genus within the Firmicutes phylum is found widely in soils, is an opportunistic pathogen that causes foodborne illness, contains facultatively aerobic (respiration, no fermentation) chemoorganotrophs, and grows well at low temps?

Firmicutes

What phylum is Staphylococcus in?

Staphylococcus

Genus within the Firmicutes phylum that:

• grow in clusters

• resistant to reduced water potential and tolerate drying and high salt

• has many species that are pigmented

• are common commensals and parasites of humans and animals (occasionally cause serious infections)

Cocci

What shape is Staphylococcus?

Bacillus and Clostridium

Two genera within the Firmicutes phylum that:

• contain endospore-forming bacteria

• is generally found in soils

  • Endospores are advantageous for soil microorganisms because of variations in nutrient levels, temperature, and water activity

• contain pathogenic species that are saprophytic and infect animals incidentally

Firmicutes

What phylum are Bacillus and Clostridium in?

Actinobacteria

Phylum that contains high G+C gram positives

Mycobacterium

Genus within the Actinobacteria phylum that:

• is common in soils, mostly harmless

• is rod-shaped and exhibit acid-fastness due to mycolic acids on surface

Mycobacterium

Genus within the Actinobacteria phylum that:

• is not readily stained by Gram stain because of high surface lipid content

• has cells that are somewhat pleomorphic and may branch or grow filamentously

• is separated into two groups: slow-growing and fast-growing

Actinobacteria

What phylum is Mycobacterium in?

Bacteroidetes

Phylum that has:

• 1000+ characterized species

• four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, Sphingbacteriales

Bacteroidetes

Phylum that has:

• gram-negative, nonsporulating rods

• saccharolytic

• aerobic or fermentative

• gliding motility; many nonmotile; few flagellate

Bacteroides

Genus within the Bacteroidetes phylum that:

• contains primarily obligately anaerobic fermenters

• has commensals found in human and animal intestinal tracts

• is the numerically dominant bacterium in human large intestine

Bacteroides

Genus within the Bacteroidetes phylum that:

• is occasionally pathogenic; can be associated with bacteremia (bacteria in blood)

• synthesizes sphingolipids which are normally found in mammalian tissues but rare in bacteria

Bacteroidetes

What phylum is Bacteroides in?

Mycoplasma

Genus within the Tenericutes phylum that:

• lacks cell walls/peptidoglycan

• has some of the smallest known organisms

• has organisms that typically live within animal and plant hosts

• has small genomes

Mycoplasma

Genus within the Tenericutes phylum that:

• is resistant to osmotic lysis, partially because of sterols, which make cytoplasmic membranes more stable than those of other bacteria

• has some organisms that contain lipoglycans that stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane and facilitate attachment to receptors

Tenericutes

What phylum is Mycoplasma in?

Streptomyces

Genus within the Actinomycetota phylum that:

• contains filamentous, aerobic gram-positive bacteria common in soil

• produce hyphae (filaments), forming mycelium network analogous to mycelium of fungi

  • When nutrients depleted, mycelium forms aerial hyphae that differentiate into spores for survival and dispersa

Actinomycetota

What phylum is Streptomyces in?

Chlamydia

Genus within the Chlamydiota phylum that:

• has obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotes

• has small genomes

• is biochemically limited; must acquire molecules from the host

Chlamydia

Genus within the Chlamydiota phylum that:

• typically lack cell walls but are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics

• are typically very small cocci with distinct developmental cycle

Chlamydiota

What phylum is Chlamydia in?