Micro Exam 1 - Names to Know

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is the largest and most metabolically diverse?

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is all gram-negative and has a variety of morphologies?

gram-negative

Are *Proteobacteria* gram-positive or gram-negative?

*Gammaproteobacteria*

What class is the largest within *Proteobacteria*?

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is *Gammaproteobacteria* in?

*Neisseria*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum is always cocci?

*Neisseria*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum has diverse chemoorganotrophs, is commonly isolated from animals, and is sometimes pathogenic?

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is *Neisseria* in?

*Escherichia*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* contains non-sporulating rods and is closely related to *Salmonella?*

Rods

What shape are *Escherichia?*

*Escherichia*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum is the universal inhabitant of intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals and synthesizes vitamins (particularly K) for the host?

What type of metabolism does *Escherichia* have?

Facultative anaerobic

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is *Escherichia* in?

*Salmonella*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum contains non-spouralating rods and is closely related to *Escherichia?*

*Salmonella*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum is almost always pathogenic (causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis)?

*Salmonella*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum is found in warm and cold blooded animals?

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is *Salmonella* in?

*Vibrio*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum contains facultatively aerobic (ferment) rods and curved rods?

*Vibrio*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum can be bioluminescent?

*Vibrio*

What genus within the *Proteobacteria* phylum is mostly aquatic?

*Proteobacteria*

What phylum is *Vibrio* in?

*Firmicutes*

What phylum contains low G+C gram positives?

*Streptococcus*

What genus within the *Firmicutes* phylum has cocci that occur in pairs or chains and has some species that are pathogenic?

*Streptococcus*

What genus within the *Firmicutes* phylum is important in the production of fermented products and can form dental cavities?

*Firmicutes*

What phylum is *Streptococcus* in?

*Staphylococcus*

What genus within the *Firmicutes* phylum is found widely in soils, is an opportunistic pathogen that causes foodborne illness, contains facultatively aerobic (respiration, no fermentation) chemoorganotrophs, and grows well at low temps?

*Firmicutes*

What phylum is *Staphylococcus* in?

*Staphylococcus*

Genus within the *Firmicutes* phylum that:

* grow in clusters
* resistant to reduced water potential and tolerate drying and high salt
* has many species that are pigmented
* are common commensals and parasites of humans and animals (occasionally cause serious infections)

Cocci

What shape is *Staphylococcus?*

*Bacillus* and *Clostridium*

Two genera within the *Firmicutes* phylum that:

* contain endospore-forming bacteria 


* is generally found in soils
* Endospores are advantageous for soil microorganisms because of variations in nutrient levels, temperature, and water activity
* contain pathogenic species that are saprophytic and infect animals incidentally

*Firmicutes*

What phylum are *Bacillus* and *Clostridium* in?

*Actinobacteria*

Phylum that contains high G+C gram positives

*Mycobacterium*

Genus within the *Actinobacteria* phylum that:

* is common in soils, mostly harmless
* is rod-shaped and exhibit acid-fastness due to mycolic acids on surface

*Mycobacterium*

Genus within the *Actinobacteria* phylum that:

* is not readily stained by Gram stain because of high surface lipid content
* has cells that are somewhat pleomorphic and may branch or grow filamentously
* is separated into two groups: slow-growing and fast-growing  

*Actinobacteria*

What phylum is *Mycobacterium* in?

*Bacteroidetes*

Phylum that has:

* 1000+ characterized species
* four primary orders: *Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, Sphingbacteriales*

*Bacteroidetes*

Phylum that has:

* gram-negative, nonsporulating rods
* saccharolytic
* aerobic or fermentative
* gliding motility; many nonmotile; few flagellate

*Bacteroides*

Genus within the *Bacteroidetes* phylum that:

* contains primarily obligately anaerobic fermenters
* has commensals found in human and animal intestinal tracts
* is the numerically dominant bacterium in human large intestine

*Bacteroides*

Genus within the *Bacteroidetes* phylum that:

* is occasionally pathogenic; can be associated with bacteremia (bacteria in blood)
* synthesizes sphingolipids which are normally found in mammalian tissues but rare in bacteria

*Bacteroidetes*

What phylum is *Bacteroides* in?

*Mycoplasma*

Genus within the *Tenericutes* phylum that:

* lacks cell walls/peptidoglycan
* has some of the smallest known organisms
* has organisms that typically live within animal and plant hosts
* has small genomes

*Mycoplasma*

Genus within the *Tenericutes* phylum that:

* is resistant to osmotic lysis, partially because of sterols, which make cytoplasmic membranes more stable than those of other bacteria
* has some organisms that contain lipoglycans that stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane and facilitate attachment to receptors 

*Tenericutes*

What phylum is *Mycoplasma* in?

*Streptomyces*

Genus within the *Actinomycetota* phylum that:

* contains filamentous, aerobic gram-positive bacteria common in soil
* produce hyphae (filaments), forming mycelium network analogous to mycelium of fungi
* When nutrients depleted, mycelium forms aerial hyphae that differentiate into spores for survival and dispersa

*Actinomycetota*

What phylum is *Streptomyces* in?

*Chlamydia*

Genus within the *Chlamydiota* phylum that:

* has obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotes 
* has small genomes 
* is biochemically limited; must acquire molecules from the host 

*Chlamydia*

Genus within the *Chlamydiota* phylum that:

* typically lack cell walls but are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics 
* are typically very small cocci with distinct developmental cycle

*Chlamydiota*

What phylum is *Chlamydia* in?