Hereditary and meiosis notes

Body cells

What are somatic cells for a human?

Diploid (2n)

Are somatic cells diploid or haploid ?

46

How many chromosomes are in each somatic cell ?

Sex cells

What are Gametes ?

Haploid (n)

Are gametes haploid or diploid ?

23

How many chromosomes are in gametes ?

2 sets

Diploid cells have how many sets of chromosomes ?

1 set

How many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have?

Chromosome

Autosomes is a type of what ?

They carry the traits that make u who u are 1st-22nd

What is a autosome ?

Biological sex

Sex chromosomes carry traits that determine your …

the process of cell division that makes gametes in the gonads

What is meiosis

Ovaries

What are the gonads ?

Sexual reproduction !

What can’t happen without meiosis ?

Organisms that reproduce sexually future genetic info from two parents to produce offspring which are a mix of both parents

Summary of sexual reproduction is ?

Gametes

What’s another word for genetic info besides DNA ?

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same type of genes

Homologous chromosomes

Two identical copies of the same chromosome

Sister chromatids

This is the process of creating sex cells that have ½ of a normal number of chromosomes

Overview of meiosis

Meiosis

Cell division happens 2 times during…?

Interphase : G1, S, G2 at the end u have two copies of the cell

What happens before meiosis one ?

2 haploid cells

At the end of meiosis 1 you end up with how many cells?

4 which are genetically unique

At the end of meiosis 2 how many cells do u have ?

Sexual

Is meiosis asexual or sexual reproduction ?

Asexual

Is mitosis asexual or sexual reproduction ?

Sex cells

Meiosis is the creation of what type of cell?

Somatic cells

Mitosis is the creation of what type of cell?

Diagram where it shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in a cell

What’s a Karyotype ?

section of DNA provides instructions for making a protein

What’s a gene ?

Different version of a gene

What is an allele?

Law of dominance, segregation and independent assortment

What are the three laws that Gregor Mendel developed during his pea plant experiment?

Laws of inheritance

What are the three laws Gregor Kendall called as a whole ?

Mating of two organisms

A cross is what?

When chromosomes separate during meiosis

Law of segregation

Where the dominant allele will express itself over the recessive allele

Law of dominance

assortment of chromosomes for one trait does NOT affect a form of chromosomes for the another trait

Law of independent assortment

Homologous chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase one.

What happens during meiosis that the law of independent assortment says what happens is ?

Probability of inheriting traits from parents

A punnet square shows what?

1

Mono hybrid cross involves how many traits ?

2

A dihybrid cross involves how many traits ?

Heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes

Incomplete dominance

Both alleles are fully expressed

co-dominance

More than 2 alleles exists for one gene

Multiple alleles

Co-dominance and multiple alleles

Blood types are an example of what ?

Genes that are physically located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Linked genes

What is a pedigree ?

A chart used to trace traits through a family

Affected with what ever the trait is being presented

When the figure of a pedigree is shaded in it means that it is…?

Common

Autosomal dominant trait disease is when the disease is?

Rare

Autosomal recessive trait disease is when the disease is …?

rare and often skip generations

Sex linked traits are ?

Polygenic inheritance

What is it called when several genes influence a trait?

Many

Poly means?

Chromosomes 1-44

autosomes areeee the what thru what chromosomes?

Allele

Another version of a gene is called?

Epistasis

When one gene overshadows another, it is called?

Sex linked

Genes that travel on the X chromosome are called?

A protein

The macromolecule that runs your body and expresses your traits is?

Incomplete dominance

When a heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype, we’re both alleles are fully in separately expressed it is called?

Chromosome

The macro molecule that has the instructions for making up who you are is a ?

Multiple alleles

When more than two versions of a gene ( more than just dominant and a recessive gene) is called?