Growth and Development Theories

Erikson-Trust vs Mistrust

Infants need to feel like they can trust their caregiver, they need comfort and safety and be provided with the necessities to survive in the world

Erikson- Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

In the first few years of life children need to have independence to make small decisions for themselves, while understanding that they may do badly or fail.

Erikson- Initiative vs Guilt

Focusing on social interactions, children begin to make their own choices while taking initiative in play and exploring in various ways.

Erikson- Industry vs Inferiority

The successful completion of tasks lead children to feel confident about themselves, and they need positive reinforcement for good behavior.

Erikson- Identity vs Role Confusion

Adolescents develop their identity more including goals and beliefs. They begin to think more about their future and what that looks like with the feedback from their peers and family.

Piaget- Sensorimotor

Infants are learning using their senses, touching, hearing, smelling things. The beginnings of communication also occurs during this stage.

Piaget- Pre-operational

Imaginative play is common here, children believe in fantasy and magic, while still developing their language skills.

Piaget- Concrete Operational

At this age group, more logical thought processes begin to happen along with students needing hands on experiences to enhance their learning,

Piaget- Formal Operational

At this stage, the thought processes become more abstract and complicated. Hypothetical situations are being thought about, and more problem solving is being done.