Toward an Urban Society 1877-1900

What major shift defined American life between 1877–1890?

A. Movement from farms to crowded cities

B. Decline in industrial jobs

C. Expansion of rural homesteads

D. Return to agricultural lifestyles

A. Movement from farms to crowded cities

What caused family ties to weaken during this period?

A. More home‑based work

B. Factory schedules replacing farm routines

C. Decrease in urban populations

D. Rise of extended households

B. Factory schedules replacing farm routines

Which development MOST expanded literacy?

A. Fewer public schools

B. End of kindergarten programs

C. Decline in high schools

D. Compulsory attendance laws

D. Compulsory attendance laws

What architectural innovation allowed cities to build upward?

A. Steel‑frame construction

B. Brick arches

C. Wooden supports

D. Stone foundations

A. Steel‑frame construction

What transportation system helped create suburbs?

A. Horse‑drawn wagons

B. Electric streetcars

C. Canal boats

D. Steamships

B. Electric streetcars

What was the purpose of tenement housing?

A. Provide safe housing for the wealthy

B. Offer temporary shelter for travelers

C. Pack many low‑income families into small units

D. Create suburban neighborhoods

C. Pack many low‑income families into small units

Between 1877–1890, most immigrants were:

A. Wealthy merchants

B. Young, male, unskilled workers

C. Elderly farmers

D. Skilled engineers

B. Young, male, unskilled workers

How many immigrants entered the U.S. between 1877–1890?

A. 6.3 million

B. 2.1 million

C. 10 million

D. 1.5 million

A. 6.3 million

Between 1890–1910, most immigrants came from:

A. Western Europe

B. Eastern & Southern Europe

C. South America

D. Africa

B. Eastern & Southern Europe

Why was Galveston opened as a new entry point in 1901?

A. To reduce immigration

B. To increase immigration taxes

C. To support railroad expansion

D. To ease overcrowding in eastern ports

D. To ease overcrowding in eastern ports

How did political machines gain power?

A. By trading services for votes

B. By offering free land

C. By controlling factories

D. By limiting immigration

A. By trading services for votes

Which group led New York’s political machine?

A. Carnegie, Morgan, Rockefeller

B. Tweed, Grant, Hayes

C. Edison, Bell, Ford

D. Kelly, Croker, Murphy

D. Kelly, Croker, Murphy

What was a major goal of the Mugwumps?

A. Promote alcohol sales

B. End government corruption

C. Expand political machines

D. Limit public education

B. End government corruption

Which group fought to ban alcohol?

A. NAWSA

B. Immigration Restriction League

C. Women’s Christian Temperance Union

D. Knights of Labor

C. Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Which was a common indoor entertainment?

A. Baseball

B. Magic lantern shows

C. Football

D. Outdoor fairs

B. Magic lantern shows

Which was a popular outdoor entertainment?

A. Horse racing

B. Chess

C. Piano singing

D. Magic lantern shows

A. Horse racing

How did middle‑class families change during this period?

A. Fathers worked from home

B. Families became more private & home‑centered

C. Children worked full‑time

D. Mothers entered factories in large numbers

B. Families became more private & home‑centered

What happened to fertility rates between 1877–1890?

A. They increased

B. They stayed the same

C. They declined

D. They doubled

C. They declined

What educational trend spread nationwide?

A. Military academies

B. Kindergartens

C. Boarding schools

D. Online learning

B. Kindergartens

Which region resisted compulsory education laws?

A. Northeast

B. Midwest

C. South

D. West

C. South

What Supreme Court case established “separate but equal”?

A. Brown v. Board

B. Plessy v. Ferguson

C. Dred Scott v. Sandford

D. Munn v. Illinois

B. Plessy v. Ferguson

Why did Black Americans have limited access to higher education?

A. Lack of interest

B. Too many colleges

C. High wages

D. Exclusion from most white institution

D. Exclusion from most white institution

What was the goal of Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise?

A. Immediate political equality

B. Ending all segregation

C. Focus on economic progress & job skills

D. Encouraging immigration

C. Focus on economic progress & job skills

What reform did Henry George propose?

A. Free land for farmers

B. A single tax on unearned land value

C. Government‑owned factories

D. Higher income taxes

B. A single tax on unearned land value

What was the main goal of settlement houses?

A. Provide education & social services to the poor

B. Promote political machines

C. Train factory owners

D. Offer luxury housing

A. Provide education & social services to the poor

What new cultural trend emerged as cities grew?

A. Decrease in consumer goods
B. Decline in literacy
C. Rise of leisure activities and entertainment
D. Fewer public schools

C. Rise of leisure activities and entertainment

What effect did streetcars have on city development?

A. They reduced population growth
B. They pushed middle‑class families into suburbs
C. They eliminated the need for railroads
D. They caused cities to shrink

B. They pushed middle‑class families into suburbs

What was the main flaw of the dumbbell tenement design?

A. Too expensive to build
B. Only housed wealthy families
C. Required advanced technology
D. Encouraged overcrowding and poor sanitation

D. Encouraged overcrowding and poor sanitation

What was the basic structure of a political machine?

A. A network of business owners
B. Ward captains and precinct captains trading favors for votes
C. A group of federal inspectors
D. A coalition of factory workers

B. Ward captains and precinct captains trading favors for votes

Why did fertility rates decline between 1877–1890?

A. Women pursued education and work
B. Women had fewer educational opportunities
C. Children became more economically valuable
D. Families moved to rural areas

A. Women pursued education and work