funds mobility flashcards

What is the purpose of proper body mechanics?

Protects the spine and joints from stress and prevents injury

What are the 3 key principles of body mechanics?

1. body alignment

2. balance

3. coordinated body movement

What is proper body alignment?

Keeping body parts in correct position to reduce (head, spine, hips aligned)

How do you maintain balance when moving a patient?

1. wide base of support

2. bend knees (not back)

3. keep center of gravity low

what are proper body movement techniques?

1. lift with legs, not back

2. keep object close to body

3. avoid twisting (pivot instead)

what is ergonomics and why is it important

Use of equipment/techniques to reduce injury for healthcare workers

Examples of ergonomics equipment in healthcare

adjustable beds, shower chairs, toliet seat risers, IV poles, hoyer lifts

how does immobility affect bones

Disuse osteoporosis, increased risk of fragility fractures

How does immobility affect muscles

Atrophy and weakness (sacropenia)

How does immobility affect joints

Decreased ROM, stiffness, contractures, foot drop

Nursing interventions to prevent MSK complications

Weight-bearing exercises, ROM exercises (active/passive), splints, encourage ADLs, maintain proper alignment, fall precautions

What CV problems occur with immobility

Cardiac deconditioning, orthostatic hypotension, DVT → PE, CVA, MI

How does immobility increase DVT risk

thicker blood (fluid shifts), decreased muscle movement →poor venous return

Interventions to prevent CV complications

• Slow position changes
• Dangle before standing
• TED hose / SCDs
• Leg exercises
• Ambulation
• Fluids (if appropriate)
• Anticoagulants
• Fall precautions

Respiratory complications of immobility

Atelectasis, pneumonia (hypostatic), thick secretions, decreased lung expansion

Nursing interventions for respiratory preventions

Incentive spirometer, deep breathing and coughing, turn every 2 hrs, increase fluids, oxygen if needed

GI complications of immobility

constipation, fecal impaction, descreased peristalsis, malnutrition, GERD

Nursing intervention of GI complications

Increase fluids and fiber, encourage mobility, elevate HOB after meals, high protein diet, assist with feeding, dietitian consult

GU complications of immobility

Urinary retention, incomplete emptying, UTIs, kidney stones

Nursing interventions for GU complications

Increase fluids, assist to bathroom frequently, elevate HOB, hygiene/perineal care

Skin complications of immobility

Pressure injuries (especially in older adults)

Nursing interventions for skin integrity

Turn every 2hrs, use pillows/cushions, reduce friction/shear, keep skin clear/dry, offload pressure points, nutrition support

psychological effects of immobility

depression, anxiety, low self-esteem

nursing interventions for psychological health

Therapeutic communication, encourage expression of feelings, promote social interaction, report concerns

Key principles of safe ambulation

Early and frequent ambulation, use assistive devices as needed, non-slip footwear, clear pathways

What are common assistive devices and their use

• Gait belt → nurse assistance

• Cane → mild weakness (one side)

• Walker → poor balance/weakness

• Crutches → non/partial weight-bearing

What should you do if a patient is a fall risk

Prioritize safety and implement fall precautions immediately

What is proper technique for position changes

Move slowly, dangle before standing, assist as needed

What are ROM exercises and why are they important

Active: patient performs

Passive: nurse assists

Prevent stiffness, contractures, and muscles loss

Recommended exercise for mobility maintencance

30 mins/day, 5 days/week (as tolerated)