Chromosomal Basis of inheritance
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14 Terms
mitosis
two identical daughter cells of mitosis
meiosis
four unique daughter cells (gametes)
independent assortment
chromosomes are inherited independently of one another because homologous chromosome pairs randomly align and segregate during meiosis
recombinant chromosomes
swapping genetic material from crossing over
gene linkage: crossing over or recombination
crossing occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis
Gene linkage
genes located on the same chromosome are called
they are predicted to be inherited together in genetic crosses
crossing over or recombination
farther apart 2 genes the higher the probability of a crossover and therefore a higher recombination frequency
Linkage maps
distance between genes based on the recombination frequency
aneuploidy
loss or gain of chromosomes due to nondisjunction
nondisjunction
results in abnormal gametes due to an error in the separation
inversion
a broken piece is repaired but just in the wrong orientation
Deletion
a piece of the chromosome breaks off and is lost
Duplication
a piece of DNA can be duplicated and fused to the wrong chromosome
Translocation
broken piece of chromosome is repaired on the wrong chromosome