Gross Anatomy L2 Types of Bones

long bones

tubular structures where length > width (femur, humerus, metacarpals)

epiphysis

end cap of long bones containing trabecular bone covered by cortical bone

diaphysis

body or shaft of bone consisting primarily of cortical bone

medullary (marrow) cavity

hollow space in center of long bones that stores bone marrow

short bones

cuboidal bones found in the wrist and ankles

flat bones

consisting of two thin plates of cortical bone with trabecular bone in between (neurocranium, ribs, scapula)

irregular bones

bones with various other shapes not listed above, random shapes (vertebra, os coxae, bones of the face)

sesamoid bones

bones that develop in tendons that protect against wear and can improve performance via changing the angle of attachment

condyle

rounded area of articulation

epicondyle

eminence superior to a condyle (epi = above, over)

crest

ridge of bone

line

linear elevation

tuberosity, tubercle

raised eminence of bone typically serving as a site of muscle attachment

malleolus

rounded prominence

protuberance

low rounded projection

trochanter

large blunt elevation on femur

process

projecting thorn like extension

facet

smooth, flat area of articulation

foramen

hole through which a structure passes (neurovascular bundle)

fossa

shallow depression

notch

indentation on bone