a&p quiz 1

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, sweat, & oil glands

skeletal system

bones, cartilage, ligaments

muscular system

skeletal muscles

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

endocrine system

glands (e.g., pituitary, thyroid, adrenal)

cardiovascular system

heart, blood vessels

lymphatic/immune system

lymph nodes, vessels, spleen, thymus

respiratory system

lungs, trachea, bronchi

digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

reproductive system

male: testes, penis; female: ovaries, uterus, vagina

anatomical position

standing upright, arms at side, palms forward

• ALWAYS ASSUMED

supine

lying on back, face up

prone

lying on stomach, face down

anterior/posterior

front/back

superior/inferior

above/below

medial/lateral

toward/away from midline

proximal/distal

closer/farther from trunk (limbs) → used when referencing appendages/joints

superficial/deep

near/far from surface

sagittal plane

divides right/left

midsagittal

divides body in equal halves

parasagittal

unequal division of right/left

frontal (coronal) plane

divides front/back

transverse plane

divides top/bottom

dorsal cavity

• cranial cavity (brain)

• spinal/vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

ventral cavity

• thoracic cavity (lungs, heart)

  • pleural, pericardial, mediastinum

• abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, reproductive organs)

parietal

lines cavity wall

visceral

covers the organ

atoms

smallest units of matter

ions

charged atoms (lose/gain electron)

isotope (radioactive, medical imaging!!)

atoms w/ same # proton, but diff # neutron

molecules

two or more atoms bonded together

compounds

molecules made of different elements

ionic bond

one atom donates an electron to another which accepts it

covalent bonds

sharing of electrons between atoms

• nonpolar - equal

• polar - unequal