Anatomy Chapter 1

Anatomy

Study of structure

Physiology

Study of function

Microscopic anatomy

structures that require use of microscope

Gross anatomy

Study of structure that can be seen by naked eye

Comparative anatomy

comparing structures across species

developmental anatomy

changes in structures from conception through maturity

Embryology

Structural changes from conception to birth

Regional anatomy

Looking at every structure region by region

Surface anatomy

Structures that can be looked at superficially

Systemic anatomy

Looking at every structure from system to system

Levels of structural organization

Chemical level

cellular level

tissue level

organ level

organ system level

organismal level

Axial region

Head/Neck/Trunk

Appendicular region

Appendages/arms/legs

Cephalic

Head region (cranial)

Otic

ear

frontal

forehead

occipital

forehead

oral

mouth

buccal

cheekm

mental

chin

nasal

nose

ophthalmic/optic

eye

cervical

neck top 7 vertebrae

Pectoral

chest

umbilical

belly button

abdominal

ribs to hipsa

Axillary

armpit

vertebral

midline of the back

costal

ribs

pelvic

hip

gluteal

but

inguinal

groin

lumbar

lower back

perineal

in between anus & genitaila

brachial

upper arm

anterbrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

cubital

back of elbow

antecubital

front of elbow

palmar

palm

femoral

thigh

Crural

knee to ankle

popliteal

back of knee

pedal

foot

patellar

front of knee

plantar

sole of foot

cutaneous

skin

Anterior/ventral

front

Posterior/dorsal

back

Superior/cranial

above

Inferior/caudal

below

Medial

towards middle

lateral

towards out of middle

Proximal

close to attachment

*only for appendages

Distal

Further from attachment

*only for appendages

Superficial

closer to external body

deep

away from external body

ipsilateral

same side

contralateral

opposite side

left vs right

patients left and right

Coronal plane (frontal)

divides into posterior and anterior

Transverse plane (horizontal)

divides superior & inferior/ top & bottom

Sagittal plane/Midsagittal plane

Equal left & right plane (down the midline)

Oblique plane

Sits at an angle

Body cavity

a separate enclosed space with in the body that houses internal organs

Dorsal body cavity (posterior aspect)

Contains- Cranial cavity: space where brain sits

Vertebral canal: contains spinal cord

Ventral body cavity

Contains- Thoracic cavity: superior to diaphram

Abdominopelvic cavity: posterior to diaphram

What does the Thoracic Cavity contain

2 pleural cavities- (lungs)

Mediastinum cavity- (heart, wind pipe, esophugus, blood vessels)

Pericardial cavity- (only contains the heart)

What does the abdominoplevic cavity contain

abdominal cavity-(digestive organs)

pelvic cavity-(reproductive structures)

What lines ventral cavities

serous membrane

what are the 2 layers of serous membrane

Parietal layer:lines internal surface

visceral layer: covers external surface of specfic organs

Serous fluid

between serous membrane layers is serous cavity where serous fluid is

What are the membranes of the thoracic cavity

Pericardium:serous membrane around heart

Pleura:serous membrane around lung

What are the membranes of abdominopelvic cavity

Peritoneum

parietal peritoneum-lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

peritoneal cavity-potential space w/serous fluid

Visceral peritoneum-covers surface of most digestive organs

List the 9 abdominopelvic regions

right hypochondriac region

right lumbar region

right iliac region

epigastric region

umbilical region

hypogastric region

left hypochondriac region

left lumbar region

left iliac region

List the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants

Right upper quadrant

right lower quadrant

Left upper quadrant

left lower quadrant