History and Models of Mental Health in Children and Adolescents

These flashcards cover the historical evolution of mental health, current diagnostic systems (DSM vs. ICD), New Zealand adolescent health statistics, and indigenous models of health (Māori and Pasifika).

4 humours

The idea from the Greco-Roman era that natural causes can contribute to mental health challenges.

Medical model

A conceptualization of mental illness that emerged during the Enlightenment (17th century), shifting the focus from theology to medicine.

The Great Confinement

An 18th-century period marked by the discovery of germs and the rise of psychiatry.

Moral insanity

An 18th-century idea used to describe children who were cognitively able but displayed strange behavior.

Eugenics and Segregation

Practices that arose in the late 19th century due to the view of mental disorders as 'diseases' and a fear of contamination.

3rd wave therapies

Contemporary therapeutic movements including ACT, DBT, and mindfulness-based therapies.

Neuroaffirming practice

A growing modern approach to mental health that values neurological diversity.

Youth2000 survey series

A series of large, cross-sectional surveys in NZ (2001, 2007, 2012, 2019) covering $2.6\%$ to $3.9\%$ of secondary school students.

Western definition of disorders

Patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms associated with distress, disability, or increased risk for suffering/harm.

ICD 11

The International Classification of Diseases produced by the WHO; it is free, global, covers all medical conditions, and is used by over $70\%$ of psychiatrists globally.

DSM 5-TR

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (Text Revision), produced by the APA, which covers mental health only and is North America heavy.

Fonofale Model

A Pacific health model where family is the foundation, culture is the shelter, and four 'pou' connect the two within context, time, and environment.

Te Waka Hourua

The Double-hulled canoe element of the Meihana Model emphasizing the client-whānau relationship across dimensions like Tinana, Hinengaro, and Wairua.

Ngā Hau e Whā

The 'four winds' in the Meihana Model representing societal influences such as colonisation, racism, migration, and marginalisation.

Ngā Roma Moana

The 'ocean currents' in the Meihana Model identifying components from Te Ao Māori such as Tikanga, Whānau, Whenua, and Āhua.

Whakatere

The 'navigation' component of the Meihana Model that integrates diagnostic information and supports clinicians in mitigating personal bias.

WEIRD populations

Samples primarily used in leading research journals that are Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic.