Unit 3- Psychological testing

Physiognomy

Judging through outward appearance

Phrenenology

Franz Gall-The person was criticised because his forehead was big, Pseudoscience

Anthropometrics

Fancis Galton- Body measurements, or body movements determines intelligence

Chronometry

Reaction time test,The reaction time tells about person’s intelligence

Binet and Simon

Two friends who created the first intelligence test when approach by the French government to identify children, needing special education. First psychometric test.

Alfred Binet

Propose the concept of mental age.

William stern

Propose the concept of IQ.

Lewis Terman

Provided the formula for IQ.IQ equals to mental age by chronological age into hundred.

David Weschlers

Deviation IQ.

Raymond Cattell

Culture intelligence test, non-verbal group test ,measures fluid intelligence

Nagleiri

Non-verbal intelligence test, which is culture fair given to KG to 12 grade students not meant for measuring IQ but to provide scholarship.

Bhatia Battery of intelligence

Non-verbal Indian version test also suitable for ruler population has got five subtest. Uses Koh Block design, Alexander Pass Along, Pattern drawing, immediate memory, picture construction test

Differential aptitude test

Test battery for literates measures, verbal reasoning, abstract reasoning, grammar, spelling, mechanical, clerical speed, and accuracy, space relation and numerical liability. Indian version JM Ojha

General Aptitude test

mechanical dimension is not measured. There are total 12 test which measures nine ability, and it is for literates. Indian version Ashok Dolke

Indian adaptation of differential aptitude test battery.

GM OJHA

ASVAB

Armed services vocational aptitude battery. Used for army recruitment in America.

Guilford Zimmerman Attitude Survey(GZAS)

Temperamental ability

Index of reliability

Correlation coefficient

Test test reliability value

More than +0.30

Test retest reliability.

correlation of first and second test, same participant, gap of 2 to 8 weeks. this is to check

Time sampling error

Error in test retest reliability. Gap of 2 to 8 weeks. less than two weeks is practice effect more than eight weeks growth factor

Content sampling

error variance in parallel or alternate form reliability

Cohens kappa

Measure, used to check inter rater reliability

cohens kappa required value for inter rater reliability

More than 0.80

Formula for inter rater reliability

Number of agreements divided by number of possible agreements( number of rater )multiplied by hundred

Internal consistency

Checking unidimensionality of the test

Spearman brown formula

Reliability of a test convert to reliability of full test

Cronbach alpha

Average of all possible split halfs

Internal consistency for dichotomous items and polytomous items respectively

Kuder Richardson KR 20 and Cronbach alpha respectively

Item total correlation

Correlation of score of one item with total score of all item, including the score of that one item

Item remainder correlation

Correlation of score of one item with total score of all item, excluding that one item’s score

Item difficulty

Number of participant and correctly divided by number of participant attempted. index value 0 to 1. zero means difficulty one means easy, 0.30 to 0.70 is moderate

item discrimination

Ability of an item to discriminate between high scorers and low scorers.

item characteristic curve, or item response curve

item discrimination curve

Formula of item discrimination

Based on Chi square= Number of correct response from high scorer group - number of correct response from low scorer group divided by ½ T

Content validity

Whether the test covers all aspect of a construct

Face validity

Whether the test looks like it measures all the aspect of the construct

Criterion validity

measures how will the test relates to an external criterion

Types of criterion validity

Concurrent and predictive validity

Concurrent validity

Does it correlate with gold standard at the moment?

Predictive validity

Does the test result matches later in real life?

Types of construct validity

Convergent and divergent validity

Convergent validity

Does it correlate with the other areas of the same concept?

Divergent validity

Does it not highly correlate with unrelated concepts ?

Clock drawing test

Used in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease patient

Bender visual motor gestalt task

Test by bender and figures by wertheimer

9 figures 3×5inch cards

Bogardus

Social distance scale- attitude towards ethnicity

Hermann Rorschach

Rorschach Ink blot test author

Henry Murray and Christina Morgan

Thematic apperception test

Scondi Test

48 photographs of people

Rozeinwig puncture frustration test

24. Cartoon like pictures, one frustrater, one frustrated person. analyse extraaggression, imaggression intraaggression

Raymond Cattell self-reported personality test

16 PF