Science exam Term 4

Define Respiration

When cells use oxygen to break down glucose and obtain energy

What is the word equation for Respiration

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

What is the chemical formula for respiration

C61206 + 602 + 6CO2 + 6H20

Where does respiration occur in your body

It occurs in your lungs at a cellular level

How does your body deal with the things you breathe

you breathe in oxygen and out carbon-dioxide, and the oxygen you breathe feeds your trillions of cells

What is the opposite of Respiration

Photosynthesis

Define photosynthesis

When plants use sunlight water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

What the the chemical formula for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H1206 + 602

What does the digestive system do

It makes food available in a form all the body systems can use.

What are the three functions of the digestive system

1. Breaks down food into molecules
2. Molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried the the body
3. Wastes are eliminated from the body

What is the mechanical and chemical role of the mouth

Mechanical -physically breaking down food (teeth)
Chemical - breakdown of molecules of food (saliva)

What are the roles of the esophagus

Peristalsis - (muscle contraction) moves the food

What is an esophagus

The esophagus is the muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Whats the role of the stomach

This is where most mechanical digestion takes place
Some chemical with the help of digestive juices (enzymes & acids)

Whats the role of the small intestine

This is where the most chemical digestion takes place.
Absorption of nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream

Whats the role of the large intestine

Water is absorbed into the bloodstream
Remaining material is readied for elimination from the body

What is the role of the rectrum

Waste material is compressed into solid form

What's the path of food throught the digestive system

mouth -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine -> rectum -> eliminated from body

Name 6 body systems

Circulatory, Skin, Digestive (nutrition), Respiratory, Muscular, Excretory, Skeletal, Nervous, intercrine (immune)

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

What is an organism?

An organism is a living thing

What do we mean when we use the term 'survive' and 'reproduce'

Natures way of allowing a species to survive

and/or

Adaption

why do we need to breathe?

All cells in your body require oxygen because, without it they cant move, build, reproduce, and turn food into energy. Without energy, they and you would die.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

How does the respiratory system work?

Breathe in- your body gets oxygen from the air. Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and out. The diaphram muscle contracts to pull down the lungs. Tissue expands to suck in air.
Breathe out- You get rid of other gases that your body does not need. Rib muscles relax. the eliaphragm muscle relaxes, tissue returns to resting position and forces air out.

What is the role of the digestive system?

This system makes food available in a form that all the body systems can use.

Name the 6 necassary nutrients we need.

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.

What is the role of the circulatory/cardiovascular

This system carries the food and oxygen

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Carries needed substances to cells and carries wastes away from cells.

Define the heart

Hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Path of blood through the heart

What do the Artiries do?

Blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and to the body parts

What are capillaries?

Small blood vessels where materials are exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells (oxygen & carbon dioxide)

What do veins do?

Carries oxygen-poor blood (w/carbon dioxide) back to the heart (to be pumped out to the lungs)

What is the flow of blood through the body

What are the 4 components of blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

What is plasma?

The liquid part of blood

What do red blood cells do?

Take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to cells.

What are white blood cells

The body's disease fighters (part of the immune sysem)

What are platelets?

cell fragments used in forming blood clots (that make scabs)

What is the role of the Excretory System?

This system utilises the lungs, skin, liver and kidneys to remove waste from the body.

What is the function of the excretory?

Collects wastes produced by cells and removes the wastes from the body

What is the role of the kidney?

Eliminate urea, excess water, & some other waste materials
Filter wastes from the blood
Produce urine

What is the role of the anus?

Removes solid wates from digestive system.

What is the role of lungs?

Removes carbon-dioxide produced during cellular respiration

What is the rle of skin?

Removes perspiration (dissolved waste materials)

What is the skeletal/muscular system?

This system helps you to stand upright and move around. It also gives you shape and protects important organs

What are the functions pf the skeletal system?

Provides shape & support
Helps you move
Protects organs
Produces blood cells
Stores certain materials

What bones protect with organs?

Skull... Protects the brain
Ribs... Protects the heart & lungs
Vertebrae... Protects the spinal cord
Femur... produces blood cells in the leg
Humeus.. produces blood cells in the arm

What are the organs of the skeletal system?

-bones
-cartilage.. connective tissue that is more flexible than the bone e.g nose, top of ears, end of bones

-ligaments.. holds bones together to form joints

What is a bone marrow and what kinds?

Marrow- soft connective tissue found in spaces in bone
Red marrow.. produces the bodys vlood cells
Yellow marrow... stores fat (energy reserve)

What are the functions of the muscular component of the system?

Helps the body move
moves food through the digestive system
keeps the heart beating

What are the different types of muscle actions and what do they do?

Involuntary muscle... Muscles not under your conscious control e.g muscles used for breathing and digesting food.

Voluntary muscles.. Muscle that are under you conscious control. e.g. smiling, turning the page in a book, walking, running etc.

What are the three types of muscle tissue and what do each do?

Skeletal- Attached to bones & move bones using tendons
Connective tissue attaching muscles to bones
Striated, or banded
Voluntary

Smooth- Inside many internal organs
Involuntary
Ex: Stomach

Cardiac-Found only in the heart
Involuntary
Never gets tired (unlike skeletal muscles)

How do muscles work?

Muscles move by contracting, or becoming shorter.
they must work in pairs (one contracts the other returns to its original length.

What are the functions of the repiratory system?

Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body
It also removes carbon dioxide and water from the body

How do you breathe?

The diaphragm is a large done-shaped muscle used in breathing