Electricity Unit Review

A set of 30 vocabulary flashcards based on a review of electricity concepts.

Neutral Object

An object with no overall positive or negative charge.

Positively Charged Object

An object that has lost electrons, resulting in a charge imbalance.

Grounding

The process of allowing charge to flow to the Earth.

Insulator

A material that does not allow charge to move easily.

Load in a Circuit

The component that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.

Battery in a Circuit

The source of electric current.

Resistor

A component that slows down the flow of current.

Potential Difference in Series Circuit

The total voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages across each load.

Current in Parallel Circuit

The current entering a junction point equals the current leaving that junction point.

Charged Particles in Atom

Protons and electrons carry charge.

Charge After Grounding

An object becomes neutral after it is grounded.

Transferred Particle in Charging

Electrons are transferred when a neutral object is charged.

Electrical Conductors

Materials that allow charge to flow easily, e.g., metals.

Electrical Insulators

Materials that do not allow charge to flow easily, e.g., rubber.

Laws of Static Charge

1. Like charges repel; 2. Unlike charges attract; 3. Neutral objects are attracted to charged objects.

Kinetic Energy

Energy due to motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy due to position.

Voltmeter Function

Designed to measure the potential difference (voltage) across a component.

Ammeter Function

Designed to measure the current flowing through a circuit.

Ohmmeter Function

Designed to measure the resistance of a component.

Static Electricity

Electricity that results from an imbalance of electric charges; differs from current electricity which flows through a circuit.

Energy in Resistor

Electrical energy is converted to heat when a charge passes through a resistor.

Ohm's Law

Voltage (V) = Current (I) × Resistance (R).

Series Circuit

A circuit where components are connected in a single path.

Parallel Circuit

A circuit where components are connected across common points.

Voltage Supplied by Battery in Series Circuit

It equals the sum of the voltages across all resistors.

Current Leaving Junction in Parallel Circuit

Must equal the current entering the junction point.

Relationship of Power, Voltage, and Current

Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I).

Higher Energy Consumption Bulb

The 100 W bulb consumes more energy when left on for the same time.

Electric Force Increase

1. Decrease distance between charges; 2. Increase the magnitude of charges.

Charging by Conduction

Transferring charge by direct contact of charged and neutral objects.

Charging by Induction

Charging a neutral object by bringing a charged object close without direct contact.

Brightness Change in Series Circuit

The second bulb will turn off if the first bulb is unscrewed.

Brightness in Parallel Circuit

The brightness remains the same if one bulb is unscrewed.

Puffed Rice Observation

They are attracted to a charged object but lose charge upon contact.

Energy Consumption by Toaster Oven

Energy consumed = Power (W) × Time (h).

Current Through Resistor with Given Voltage

Calculated using Ohm's Law: V = IR.

Resistance Calculation with Voltage and Current

Calculated using Ohm's Law: R = V/I.

Current through High Resistor in High Voltage Circuit

Calculated as I = V/R.