Plants

Characteristics of Plants are?

Multicellular, Eukaryotic(have a nucleus), Cell walls made of cellulose, Usually stationary, Contain chloroplasts, Carry out photosynthesis, Autotrophs

Autotrophs

Make their own food using energy from sunlight, Use photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy

Photosynthesis

Plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen

Sexual Reproduction

Involves male and female gametes, Produces genetically diverse offspring, Common in flowering plants

Asexual Reproduction

Requires only one parent, Offspring are genetically identical

Mosses Characteristics

Nonvascular, No true roots/stems/leaves, Require water for reproduction, Small size

Fern Characteristics

Vascular tissue present, Reproduce with spores, No seeds/flowers, Need water for reproduction

Gymnosperms

Vascular plants, Produce naked seeds, Usually produce cones, No flowers

Angiosperms

Flowering plants, Seeds enclosed within fruits, Most diverse plant group

 Dermal

• Protective outer covering

• Reduces water loss

• Protects against disease

- Vascular

Transports materials throughout the plant

Xylem

• Moves water/minerals upward

Phloem

• Transports sugars throughout the plant

- Ground

• Photosynthesis

• Storage

• Support

Found in: Leaves, stems, roots

- Meristematic

Regions of active cell division

Apical Meristems

• Located at root/shoot tips

• Increase plant length

Lateral Meristems

• Increase plant width

Plant Hormones

Chemical messengers that regulate growth/development

Auxins

Promote cell elongation, Cause phototropism

Gibberellins

Stimulate stem growth, Promote seed germination

Ethylene

Fruit ripening, Leaf drop

Cytokinins

Stimulate cell division, Delay aging of leaves

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Causes seed dormancy, Helps plants respond to drought

Tropisms

Growth response toward/away from a stimulus