Module 5 Gene Expression and Regulation pt.1

What is DNA?

contains genes, some genes code for proteins made of amino acids

What are the 4 nucleotides of DNA?

A,T,G,C

DNA is also known as the diversity of life

true

What is the meaning of genome in DNA?

total collection of DNA in a cell, bacteria = chromosome + plasmids

What is the meaning of gene is DNA?

may code for proteins

What is the meaning of genomics?

study of DNA sequence

In order to multiply, cells must have:

• DNA replication

• Gene expression

What is the meaning of DNA replication?

make a copy of their chromosome(s)

What is the meaning of gene expression?

DNA—>RNA—> protein (transcription & translation)

What is the main characteristic of DNA?

It has a double helix

What are DNA nucleotides?

-Deoxyribose sugar (numbering system)

-phosphate group

-nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)

What is the nitrogenous base?

(A, T, G, C)

What is the backbone of DNA?

sugar phosphate

What 2 strands are held together by H bonds?

• A-T

• G-C

• Complementary strands

What ends do antiparallel strands have?

(3’ & 5’ ends)

What is the main characteristics of RNA?

• Ribose sugar

• U instead of T

Usually RNA has a short single strand

true

RNA has many different functions (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, etc.)

true

What is the meaning of regulating gene expression?

cells regulate expression of some genes

Where does replication of chromosomal DNA start?

at the origin and then proceeds in both directions

What does bidirectional replication create?

two advancing forks where DNA synthesis is occurring

The replication forks ultimately meet at a terminating site in DNA

true

Describe the characteristic traits of DNA replication in Bacteria

• bidirectional

• origin of replication

• 2 replication forks

• semi-conservative