Attraction

What is Rollo May's definition of love?

To love is to care, to recognize the essential humanity of the other person, to have an active regard for that person’s development.

How does Erich Fromm define love?

Union with somebody or something outside oneself under the conditions of retaining the separateness and integrity of one’s own self.

What does the quote about love from Psychology Today imply?

Love is complex and cannot be reduced to a simple definition.

What equation did Albert Einstein propose to illustrate the power of love?

'Love multiplied by the speed of light squared' as a way to understand love as a powerful force.

What is ostracism in the context of love?

The act of ignoring or being excluded, which can cause real pain.

What role do hormones play in love?

Hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin are crucial for bonding and attachment.

What is the 'love/cuddle hormone'?

Oxytocin.

According to Helen Fisher, what are the three stages of love?

Lust, attraction, and attachment.

What does proximity predict in terms of liking others?

Geographical nearness or functional distance powerfully predicts liking.

What is the Mere-Exposure Effect?

Repeated exposure to a person or stimuli can lead to increased attraction.

What did Zajonc's research find about emotions?

Emotions can be more instantaneous than cognitive thoughts.

How does similarity affect attraction?

Discovering that others have similar attitudes or values makes us like them more.

What is the false-consensus bias?

The assumption that others share our attitudes, leading to dislike of those with dissimilar attitudes.

What is the reciprocity-of-liking effect?

We tend to like those who like us back.

What are the implications of the Matching Hypothesis?

People tend to pair off with others of similar levels of physical attractiveness.

What is psychological reactance?

The tendency to desire something more when it is threatened or restricted.

What does Elaine Hatfield's research suggest about self-esteem and attraction?

Low self-esteem individuals may believe they are less likely to be accepted and thus behave in less warm ways.

What is social exchange theory?

A perspective that views people as motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in relationships.

What is the comparison level in social exchange theory?

The average outcome in relationships that helps evaluate rewards and costs.

What are cumulative rewards and costs?

The sum total of rewards and costs a person has experienced in a relationship.

What is equity theory?

The theory proposing that people are most satisfied when the ratio of benefits to contributions is similar for both partners.

What are passionate love and companionate love?

Passionate love is intense absorption in someone; companionate love is strong affection felt for those with whom our lives are deeply involved.

What are the components of love according to Robert Sternberg?

Intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment.

What does Erich Fromm say about love?

Love is a decision, a judgment, and a promise.

What is the role of authenticity in intimate relationships according to Aronson?

Authenticity allows individuals to reveal honest feelings, leading to a more satisfying relationship.

What is significant about the ventral tegmental area?

It is part of the brain's reward system involved in attraction.

How can anticipating interaction affect liking?

Expecting to interact with someone can boost liking.

What does the 'I-sharing' concept refer to?

A shared subjective experience that can enhance bonding.

What is the role of familiarity in developing attraction?

Familiarity can breed fondness and comfort in relationships.

Why might people in a relationship react against social restrictions?

Due to psychological reactance, they may desire the relationship more.

What can reduce the value of constant approval in relationships?

When approval becomes constant, it can lose its value.

How do investment and commitment relate in social exchange theory?

Investment can increase commitment and enhance partners' perceptions of alternatives.

Why is physical attractiveness significant in relationships?

It is often assumed that physically attractive people possess other desirable traits.

What is a common outcome for couples who report unequal involvement in a relationship?

They are more likely to break up compared to couples with equal involvement.

What did the study by Bernard Murstein reveal about attractiveness in dating?

People tend to pair off with others of similar physical attractiveness.

What is the predicted outcome value in social exchange theory?

It evaluates the likelihood of positive or negative outcomes when pursuing a relationship.

What is the significance of physiological responses in emotional processing?

Damage to the amygdala impairs emotional responses while cognitive functions remain intact.

How does self-esteem impact perceptions of romantic partners?

Low self-esteem individuals may underestimate their partner's interest or warmth.

What does the term 'cultural racism' imply?

Differences in social characteristics and values among racial groups can affect perceptions of relationships.

What can happen when two people perceive themselves as having similar attitudes?

They may experience greater attraction and intimacy in their relationship.

What does Sternberg argue about the promises of love?

Love is not just a feeling; it involves a commitment that extends beyond emotions.

What does it mean for relationships to possess fulfillment?

Fulfillment occurs when the perceived rewards of a relationship exceed costs.