UW Madison ANTHRO 105 Lab Practical 4

What are the three bones that fuse to form the os coxa?

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.

What is the name of the "socket" of the hip?

Acetabulum.

What is the ear-shaped surface on the medial os coxa called?

Auricular surface.

What is the large hole formed by the pubis and ischium?

Obturator foramen.

Which part of the os coxa do you actually sit on?

Ischial tuberosity.

Name the wide notch located posterior to the acetabulum.

Greater sciatic notch.

What is the superior-most border of the ilium called?

Iliac crest.

To side the os coxa, which way must the pubis face?

Anteriorly.

To side the os coxa, which way must the acetabulum face?

Laterally.

Is a subpubic angle of 70 degrees likely male or female?

Male (Males < 90°).

A wide, broad greater sciatic notch indicates what sex?

Female.

Which sex typically has a more curved/sacral inward tilt?

Male.

Is a heart-shaped pelvic inlet typically male or female?

Male.

How does the human ilium differ from a chimp ilium?

Human: Short and broad (bowl-shaped)

Why do humans have a shorter, broader sacrum than chimps?

To support weight and provide a wider base for bipedal balance.

If you find an os coxa with a narrow sciatic notch and a broad ilium, what is it?

A male human.

If an os coxa has a very small acetabulum compared to the bone size, why might that be?

Likely a non-human quadruped (less weight-bearing at the hip).

Name the proximal "ball" of the femur.

Femoral head.

What is the large projection lateral to the femoral head?

Greater trochanter.

Name the ridge on the posterior shaft of the femur.

Linea aspera.

What is the raised lateral portion of the distal femur called?

Patellar lip.

When siding the femur, should the head point medially or laterally?

Medially (into the socket).

The linea aspera must be on which side of the femur (Ant/Post)?

Posterior.

What is the "valgus angle" or bicondylar angle?

The inward slant of the femur from hip to knee.

Do chimps have a bicondylar angle?

No, their femurs are straight/vertical.

You find a femur with a huge greater trochanter and a straight shaft. Human or Chimp?

Chimp (quadrupeds have larger trochanters for muscle leverage).

If you only have the distal end of a femur, how can you side it?

The patellar lip is higher/larger on the lateral side.

Which lower leg bone is medial and weight-bearing?

Tibia.

What is the "inner ankle" bump on the distal tibia called?

Medial malleolus.

What is the "outer ankle" bump on the distal fibula called?

Lateral malleolus.

Name the rough projection on the proximal-anterior tibia.

Tibial tuberosity.

How do you side a tibia?

Tuberosity is anterior

Name the distal-most point of the patella.

Apex.

On the posterior patella, which articular facet is larger?

The lateral facet.

You see a patella on a table

the apex points away and it falls left. Side?

How many tarsal bones are in the human foot?

7.

Which foot bone articulates directly with the tibia and fibula?

Talus.

What is the technical name for the heel bone?

Calcaneus.

Describe the human hallux (big toe) position.

Adducted/Convergent (in-line with other toes).

What is a "midtarsal break" and who has it?

A flexible joint in the midfoot

Why do humans have a longitudinal arch?

It acts as a shock absorber and spring for bipedal walking.

If a foot has a divergent hallux and a midtarsal break, what is its locomotion?

Quadrupedal/Arboreal (climbing).

Which bone is most useful for determining BOTH sex and species?

The os coxa (pelvis).

If the medial malleolus is on your left and the tibial tuberosity is facing you, is it a right or left bone?

Left.

What feature of the sacrum articulates with the L5 vertebra?

Sacral plateau.

In a lab test, if you see a bone with a large "ball" and a very long, thin neck, what is it?

A human femur (longer neck for bipedal leverage).

If you see a pelvis where the sacrum is very long and narrow (5+ vertebrae), is it human?

No, likely a non-human primate.

Where would you find the "Ischial Spine" relative to the Sciatic Notch?

Just inferior to the notch.

If the subpubic angle is exactly 90 degrees, what else should you check?

The width of the greater sciatic notch.

Which leg bone does NOT articulate with the femur?

The fibula.