patho2 exam 3

ampicillin

penicillin prototype

amoxicillin use

ear infections

penicillins side effects

hypersensitivity, rash

amoxicillin-clavulanate

beta-lactamase inhibitor, keeps the antibiotic effective

cefazolin

cephalosporins prototype

cefazolin use

surgical prophylaxis, infection treatment

ciprofloxacin

fluoroquinolones prototype

ciprofloxacin action

interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis

ciprofloxacin side effects

arthropathy, tendon rupture in people under the age of 18, palpitations, atrial flutter

azithromycin use

macrolide- respiratory infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis

azithromycin contraindications

myasthenia gravis, liver disease, hypersensitivities

azithromycin adverse effects

N/V, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, hearing loss, confusion, ventricular dysrhythmias

clindamycin

used against gram positive cocci, inhibits protein synthesis, useful substitute for PCN

metronidazole use

for c. diff and surgical prophylaxis

metronidazole adverse effects

skin rash, puritis, metallic taste, N/V, diarrhea

vancomycin action

inhibits cell wall synthesis

vancomycin adverse effects

red man syndrome- hypotension, flushing, skin rash

rifampin action

impairs DNA-RNA replication

rifampin

take on empty stomach and avoid alcohol

isoniazid

anti-TB therapy prototype

isoniazid adverse effects

hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy

succinylcholine use

surgical procedure paralysis

succinylcholine adverse effects

bradycardia, tachycardia, HTN, hypotension, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, malignant hyperthermia

cyclobenzaprine

tricyclic antidepressant derivatives prototype

cyclobenzaprine use

muscle spasms, CNS depressant

cyclobenzaprine implications

do not use with alcohol, monitor for dizziness and hypotension

dantrolene

hydantoin derivatives prototype

dantrolene use

spasticity related to spinal cord injury, MS and CP. malignant hyperthermia

dantrolene adverse effects

drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, hepatitis with jaundice within 1 month of taking

dantrolene implications

irritation with IV use, short term use only, stop with diarrhea, monitor liver enzymes

baclofen

GABA derivatives prototype

baclofen use

spasticity in MS and spinal cord injuries

baclofen adverse effects

drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, headache, insomnia, hypotension, urinary retention, may increase blood glucose levels

baclofen implications

monitor for therapeutic and adverse effects, monitor labs: aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase

lidocaine

amide local anesthetics prototype

lidocaine action

blocks nerve conduction by decreasing neuronal membrane permeability to sodium, inhibits depolarization of cells

lidocaine use

prevent pain at site for surgery or neuropathic pain, also for ventricular arrhythmias

lidocaine adverse effects

LAST, cns excitation

lidocaine implications

do not combine with sulfites, do not eat or drink for at least 60 minutes after swish and swallow

propofol use

intravenous anesthetic, to sedate patients on mechanical ventilation, ambulatory surgery and diagnostic procedures

propofol action

amplifies GABA, decreases excitement of NMDA

propofol adverse effects

hiccups, myoclonic movements

ketamine use

provides analgesia, sympathomimetic effects to keep bp and hr up, maintains airway reflexes

ketamine adverse effects

emergence delirium, hallucinations, agitation, nystagmus

benzodiazepine use

anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, preoperatively, withdrawal syndromes

benzodiazepine action

CNS depression by increasing GABA neuronal inhibition, decreases activity of the brain, nerves, muscles, heart

benzodiazepine adverse effects

drowsiness, slurred speech, memory impairment, hangover effect, CNS excitement, vivid nightmares

rifampin use

TB, MRSA, leprosy