Networking Chapters 7-12: Architecture, Security, Routing, and Troubleshooting

Type 2 Hypervisor

Hosted.

vNIC

Virtual network interface with unique MAC.

NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)

Virtual firewalls, routers.

SDN (Software-Defined Networking)

Centralized network control.

IaaS

Infrastructure.

PaaS

Platform.

SaaS

Software.

VLANs

Logical segmentation regardless of location.

CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing)

Uses slash notation (e.g., /24).

VLSM

Allows different subnet sizes within the same network.

SAN (Storage Area Network)

High-speed storage; uses FC, FCoE, iSCSI.

SD-WAN

Centralized WAN management; application-aware routing.

Zero-day Attack

Exploit unknown/new vulnerability.

AAA

Authentication, Authorization, Accounting.

RBAC

Role-Based Access Control.

IDS/IPS

Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems.

Unmanaged Switch

Simple, no configuration.

Managed Switch

Configurable via CLI/GUI; supports VLANs and security features.

Layer 3 Switch

Routes traffic like a router.

Layer 4 Switch

Can inspect up to layer 7 data.

Port Security

Limits MAC addresses per port.

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Prevents loops; elects a root bridge.

Access Layer

Connects end devices.

Distribution Layer

Connects access switches.

Core Layer

High-speed backbone.

Type 1 Hypervisor

Bare metal.

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