RUSSIA MEGA FLASHCARDS

Area of Imperial Russia?

8 million square miles

Dimensions of Imperial Russia

2000 × 5000 miles

How often was the Baltic frozen?

1/3 of the year

Ratio of priest to people in 1900 Moscow

1:40000

When did Alexander III die?

1881

What did the 1832 Fundamental Laws say?

The tsar was “an autocratic and unlimited monarch”

When were the Fundamental Laws describing the tsar?

1832

When was the Emancipation of Serfs?

1861

Proportion of ruling class (1897)

0.5%

Proportion of working class (1897)

4%

Proportion of peasantry (1897)

82%

Population in 1815

40 million

Population in 1914

160 million

Fertile area in Russia

Black earth region

How many measures against Jews in Russification?

600

How many Jews alienated by Russification?

5 million

Pobedonestsev’s title

Grand Inquisitor

When was the Zemstva Act?

1890

When was the Statute of State Security?

1881

When was the University Act?

1887

How did Alexander III reform?

Zemstva, greater freedom of expression, Emancipation of the Serfs

When was Bloody Sunday?

22nd January 1905

How many died in Bloody Sunday?

Approximately 200

Working hours under Witte

11 hours

When was the Battle of Tsushima?

27th May 1905

When was Port Arthur seized?

2nd January 1905

How was Russo-Japanese War ended?

Treaty of Portsmouth, September 1905

Industry stats 1890 to 1910

Oil: 3.9 - 9.4 (x2.5)

Coal: 5.9 - 26.8 (x5)

Iron: 0.89 - 2.99 (x3)

Grain: 36 - 74 (x2)

How did railways expand under Witte?

1881 - 1914

21230 - 70160

How long was the Trans-Siberian Railway?

5770 miles

When was Witte in power?

Minister of Finance 1893 - 1903

Chief Minister 1903 - 1906

When was the Great Spurt?

1890s

When was the rouble put on the gold standard?

1897

When were Soviets first formed?

October 1905

When were mortgage repayments appeased?

Reduced in November 1905, then abolished

What happened to Trotsky in 1905?

Arrested as Chairman of Petrograd Soviet

Terms of October Manifesto

Legislative Duma

Legalised trade unions

Freedom of speech, assembly and worship

Rights of political parties

What did Peter Struve say about the peasantry?

“Thank God for the tsar, who has saved us from the people”

First Duma dates and composition

April - June 1906

Kadets 41% Labourists 30%

Second Duma dates and composition

Feb - June 1907

Labourists 21% Nationals 19% Kadets 18%

Third Duma dates and composition

Nov 1907 - June 1912

Octobrists 35% Rightists 33%

Fourth Duma dates and composition

Nov 1912 - Aug 1914

Rightists 36% Octobrists 22%

When was the Vyborg Appeal?

10th July 1906

Who was at the Vyborg Appeal?

200 Kadets and Labourists

How did the Duma change between first and second?

Kadets and Labourists replaced by SDs and SRs

Industry stats 1908 to 1914

State revenue: 2 - 4 billion

No. banks: 1146 - 2393

No. factories: 22600 - 24900

No. workers: 2.5 - 2.9 million

Inflation under Stolypin

Prices 40%

Wages 7%

How many executions 1906 - 1911?

2500

When were famines before Stolypin?

1891 and 1897

How many converted to field fencing?

16%

When was the wager on the strong?

1906-07

When was Bosnia annexed?

1908

How many exports went through the Straits of the Dardanelles?

75%

When were Balkan Wars?

1912-13

When was Triple Entente?

1907

When was Franco-Russian Convenntion?

1892

How did number of political strikes change 1911 - 14?

x100

When was Lena Goldfields Incident?

1912

How many victims of revolutionary terrorism before WW1?

17000

When was general strike?

June 1914

When was Franz Ferdinand killed?

28th June 1914

When did Germany declare war on Russia?

1st August 1914

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Russia?

5th August 1914

When did Russia mobilise?

30th July 1914

How many Austrians were killed in the Brusilov Offensive?

500,000

When did tsar become Commander-in-Chief

August 1915

What did Witte say about the tsar’s nature?

“Outstanding weakness is a lack of willpower”

Government spending 1914 - 1917

4 - 30 million

Inflation 1914 - 1917

July 1914 - Jan 1917

>200%

Earnings vs prices increase over WW1

Earning x2

Food prices x4

Food reaching Petrograd 1914 - 1917

x0.25

How many train stations could not carry freight by 1916?

575

Wages stats pre-war to 1916

Unskilled workers: 1/1.25 - 2.5/3

Metalworker: 2/2.5 - 4/5

Electrician: 2/3 - 5/6

Prices stats pre-war to 1916

Rent: 2/3 - 8/12

Dinner: 0.15/0.2 - 1/1.2

Tea: 0.07 - 0.35

Boots: 5/6 - 20/30

Army stats WW1 1914 - 1917

1.2 million killed in action

440,000 missing in action

240,000 died to wounds

155,000 died to disease

2,255,000 total war dead

3,342,900 POWs

1.5 million civilian deaths

15.3 million in army by 1918

How much revenue did the government get from alcohol tax?

Nearly 1/3 of total revenue

Name for Rasputin

“Mad monk”

Name for Empress Alexandra

“The German woman”

When was Rasputin murdered?

December 1916

How many were in the Progressive Bloc?

236 of 432 Duma members

Who formed the Progressive Bloc?

Kadets, Octobrists and Progressists

What did the Duma propose?

“a ministry of national confidence”

When did the Duma demand reassembly?

July 1915

How did the February Revolution start?

Strike at Putilov Factories 18th February

When was the IWD demonstration?

23rd February

When was general strike of the February Revolution?

25th February

How many of the Petrograd Garrison remained by 26th February?

About 3000 of the 150,000

By when had the Petrograd Garrison deteriorated?

26th February

When was the Provisional Government formed?

27th February

When did Kerensky call for the tsar to step down?

27th February

When was the Petrograd Soviet formed during the February Revolution?

27th February

Who formed the Petrograd Soviet during the February Revolution?

Shlyapnikov

When does the tsar decide to return to Petrograd?

28th February

Where did troops divert the tsar to?

Pskov

How far is Pskov from Petrograd?

190 miles

When did the tsar abdicate?

2nd March

How many were killed in the February Revolution?

1500 - 2000

Weakness of Provisional Government

Not elected

Had to negotiate with Petrograd Soviet

Soviet Order Number 1

When was Soviet Order Number 1 issued?

1st March

Working hours under Provisional Government

8 hours