Chem Exam 5

What does an Oxidation and Reduction reaction involve?

An oxidation and reduction reaction involves the transfer of electrons between the reactants

define Electricity

Electricity results from the flow of electrical charges, such as electrons.

define Oxidation

 one of the reactants loses electrons.

Lose Electrons is Oxidation.

Define reduction

The reactant gains an electron

Gain Electrons is Reduction.

If a substance has been oxidized , is it the reducing agent or the oxidizing agent?

Reducing Agent

If a substance has been reduced , it is the reducing agent or the oxidizing agent?

Oxidizing Agent

Do Oxidizing and reducing agents appear on the reactant or products?

Reactants

Define electromotive Force

the force that causes the motion of the electrons

define emf

abbreviation for electromotive force

define cell potential

it is the difference in potential energy of the half cells

define E or E_cell

abbreviation for cell potential

define cell voltage

the cell potential is measured in volts. A volt is defined to be a J/C. C is an abbreviation for coulombs .

define coulomb

A coulomb is an electrical charge.  Recall that the charge of an electron is 1.602 x 10^–19 coulombs. We call the charge of an electron -1 as a relative charge. 

What is the rule of spontaniety

Electrons spontaneously flow from the half-cell at the higher potential to the half cell at the lower potential.

Compare Cathode/Anode and Reudction/Oxidation

• Losing electrons is oxidation (LEO)

• Electrons are on the product side in an oxidation half-reaction

• Oxidation occurs at the Anode

 

• Gaining electrons is reduction (GER)

• Electrons are on the reactant side in a reduction half-reaction

• Reduction occurs at the Cathode.

Who discovered Radioactivity?

Henri Becquerel

Who coined Radioactivity

Marie Curie

How are ways radioactivity affect our lives

Treatment of cancers, tracking movement of atoms, dating historic artifacts, nuclear power, detecting reaction mechanisms, sterilization to kill microorganisms.

What are some characteristics of Nuclear Reactions

They occur within the nucleus

Have a big energy change, and not affected by temperature or catalyst.

Will occur spontaneously, when a nucleus was unstable.

define radiation

particles and energy

define mass number

Protons + Neutrons

define nucleons

Protons and neutrons are

define nuclide

nucleus of a isotope

define radionuclide

isotope is radioactive

define positron

Antimatter, positively charged.

When positron and electron collide, gamma rays form.

Positron is emitted from nucleus when a proton changes into a neutrons

Protons and neutrons can change into one another as needed for the nucleus to become stable.