fluids

Hypernatremia

High sodium levels in the blood, often caused by dehydration, NGT suction, and burns.

Hypokalemia

Low potassium levels in the blood, caused by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuretics.

Fluid volume deficit cues

Symptoms include restlessness, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output.

Isotonic Solutions

Solutions that do not cause movement of fluids between ECF and ICF, used to treat hypovolemia.

Infants risk factors for electrolyte imbalances

Include high metabolic rate, immature kidneys, rapid respiration, and greater body surface area.

Fluid volume excess

Symptoms include headache, peripheral edema, and bounding pulse.

Calcium normal range

Normal blood calcium levels are 9-10.5 mg/dL.

Hyperkalemia

High potassium levels in the blood, often caused by renal failure and adrenal insufficiency.

Sodium normal range

Sodium levels should be between 136-145 mEq/L.

Hypotonic IV fluids

Contain more water than electrolytes, moving water from ECF to ICF.

Potassium normal range

Normal potassium levels range from 3.5-5 mEq/L.

Decreased central venous pressure

A cue indicating fluid volume deficit.

Lactated Ringer's Solution

An isotonic solution that contains sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and lactate.

Increased serum osmolality

Often indicates fluid volume deficit and dehydration.

Seizure precautions

Interventions taken to prevent injury during a seizure, particularly important in fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

Hypertonic IV fluids

Solutions that expand and raise osmolality of ECF by drawing water out of ICF.

Magnesium normal range

Normal magnesium levels are between 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L.

Fluid volume deficit interventions

Includes monitoring vitals, cardiac activity, and providing IV fluids.

Signs of fluid volume excess

Include confusion, crackles, and dyspnea.

Cardiac monitoring

Essential in the management of electrolyte imbalances, particularly in hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.

Decreased protein concentration

A cue indicating fluid volume excess.

3% saline

A hypertonic solution used to treat severe hyponatremia.

Postural hypotension

A drop in blood pressure when standing, often associated with fluid volume deficit.

Weight loss

A symptom of fluid volume deficit that can indicate dehydration.