FBLA Netrworking Infrastructures

"Which OSI layer is primarily responsible for logical addressing and routing?"

"Physical"

"Which OSI layer provides end-to-end communication and flow control between hosts?"

"Session"

"Which OSI layer is responsible for converting bits into electrical or optical signals on the medium?"

"Application"

"Which of the following best describes a SOHO LAN?"

"High-density datacenter network with redundant fabrics"

"Which address type is used to uniquely identify a network interface at the data link layer?"

"IPv4 address"

"Which IPv4 class provides addresses from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 and is commonly used for medium-sized networks?"

"Class A"

"Which statement about IPv6 compared to IPv4 is correct?"

"IPv6 uses 32-bit addresses; IPv4 uses 128-bit addresses."

"Which device forwards frames based on MAC addresses and operates at the Data Link layer?"

"Router"

"Which device connects different IP networks and makes forwarding decisions based on IP addresses?"

"Switch"

"Which of the following best describes subnetting?"

"Combining multiple networks into one large broadcast domain"

"Given the IPv4 address 192.168.10.0/26

how many usable host addresses are available in that subnet?"

"Which of the following is a valid private IPv4 address block?"

"8.8.8.0/24"

"Which term describes the unit of data at the Network layer?"

"Frame"

"Which term describes the unit of data at the Data Link layer?"

"Packet"

"Which transport protocol provides reliable

ordered delivery and congestion control?"

"Which transport protocol is connectionless and suitable for low-latency applications like DNS queries?"

"TCP"

"Which of the following best describes a datacenter LAN?"

"Single switch connecting a few devices in a home"

"Which of these is NOT a function of the Data Link layer?"

"MAC addressing"

"Which of the following is true about ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?"

"ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network."

"Which of the following best describes a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)?"

"A network covering a small office or home"

"Which of the following IPv4 addresses is a broadcast address for the subnet 10.0.0.0/24?"

"10.0.0.0"

"Which of the following is a loopback IPv4 address?"

"127.0.0.1"

"Which of the following best describes a client-server network?"

"All nodes have equal roles and share resources directly."

"Which of the following best describes a peer-to-peer network?"

"Centralized authentication and file servers only"

"Which of the following is the correct binary length of an IPv6 address?"

"32 bits"

"Which IPv6 notation compresses consecutive zero groups?"

"Dotted decimal"

"Which IPv4 class is reserved for experimental use?"

"Class A"

"Which of the following best describes how data travels across networks?"

"Data is sent as a continuous analog signal end-to-end."

"Which of the following is required for a device to obtain an internet connection from an ISP?"

"A public IPv6-only address only"

"Which of the following best describes subnet mask 255.255.255.192 in CIDR notation?"

"/24"

"Which topology connects every node to every other node directly and provides the highest redundancy?"

"Star"

"Which topology uses a central device to which all nodes connect and is easy to troubleshoot?"

"Mesh"

"Which topology is most vulnerable to a single point of failure if the backbone is broken?"

"Mesh"

"Which cloud model provides virtualized computing resources and is most like renting infrastructure?"

"SaaS"

"Which cloud model provides a platform for developers without managing underlying infrastructure?"

"IaaS"

"Which cloud model delivers complete applications over the internet with no local installation?"

"IaaS"

"Which factor most directly reduces wireless range?"

"Higher transmit power"

"Which 802.11 standard introduced 5 GHz operation and higher data rates than 802.11g?"

"802.11a"

"Which 802.11 standard introduced MIMO and significantly improved throughput over single-stream standards?"

"802.11a"

"Which 802.11 standard is commonly called Wi‑Fi 6 and introduced OFDMA and improved MU‑MIMO?"

"802.11n"

"Which wireless encryption standard is the most secure among the following?"

"WEP"

"Which of the following best describes 5G characteristics?"

"Only higher latency and lower throughput than 4G"

"Which cloud benefit is most associated with shifting capital expenditure to operational expenditure?"

"Increased latency"

"Which cloud risk is most associated with multi-tenant environments?"

"Physical cable failure only"

"Which topology is best when you need deterministic token passing and equal access for all nodes?"

"Star"

"Which wireless frequency band generally provides better range but lower throughput?"

"5 GHz"

"Which wireless band is less crowded and supports higher throughput but shorter range?"

"2.4 GHz"

"Which of the following is a benefit of a mesh wireless deployment for a large campus?"

"Single point of failure"

"Which architecture is most appropriate for a small business with a single site and few users?"

"Enterprise datacenter with spine-leaf fabric"

"Which of the following best describes a hybrid cloud architecture?"

"Only on-premises servers with no cloud usage"

"Which wireless standard introduced 160 MHz channels and higher throughput in 5 GHz?"

"802.11n"

"Which of the following affects wireless reliability the most?"

"Cable type used for the AP uplink only"

"Which cloud service model would you choose to deploy a custom web application without managing OS patches?"

"IaaS (virtual machines)"

"Which topology is often used in datacenters to provide predictable latency and high bandwidth between racks?"

"Bus"

"Which of the following best describes a collapsed core network design?"

"Separate core and distribution layers with many routers"

"Which wireless standard is optimized for short-range

very high throughput in the 60 GHz band?"

"Which of the following is a primary design consideration when choosing network topology for a business?"

"The color of the server rack"

"Which of the following best describes edge computing in network architecture?"

"Centralizing all compute in a single datacenter only"

"Which wireless standard family introduced WPA3 improvements for authentication and forward secrecy?"

"802.11a family"

"Which of the following is a common method to increase wireless capacity in high-density areas?"

"Increase transmit power on all APs to maximum"

"Which term describes a potential negative event that could exploit a vulnerability?"

"Asset"

"Which term describes a weakness in a system that can be exploited?"

"Threat"

"Which of the following best describes a zero-day vulnerability?"

"A vulnerability that has been patched for zero days"

"Which security principle ensures that data is not altered in an unauthorized way?"

"Confidentiality"

"Which security principle ensures that authorized users can access resources when needed?"

"Confidentiality"

"Which of the following is a common mitigation against phishing attacks?"

"Disabling DNS"

"Which of the following best describes a DDoS attack?"

"A single host sending malformed packets to crash a service"

"Which of the following is an example of an authentication factor?"

"MAC address only"

"Which authentication method provides an additional layer beyond password and is recommended for sensitive systems?"

"Single sign-on (SSO) only"

"Which protocol is commonly used to provide secure remote authentication and management for network devices?"

"Telnet"

"Which of the following best describes hashing in security?"

"Encrypting data with a reversible key"

"Which mechanism provides proof that a message came from a specific sender and has not been altered?"

"Plaintext transmission"

"Which of the following is a role of a certificate authority (CA)?"

"Assigning IP addresses to hosts"

"Which of the following is an effective mitigation against malware propagation in a network?"

"Disabling all logging"

"Which attack involves an attacker impersonating another device or user to intercept traffic?"

"Phishing"

"Which attack poisons the ARP cache to redirect traffic through an attacker’s machine?"

"DNS amplification"

"Which of the following best describes the principle of least privilege?"

"Give all users admin rights for convenience"

"Which of the following is a common method to detect intrusions on a network?"

"Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)"

"Which of the following best describes MFA (multi-factor authentication)?"

"Using multiple passwords only"

"Which of the following is a secure method for remote authentication in enterprise networks?"

"RADIUS or TACACS+ for centralized authentication and accounting"

"Which of the following best describes a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack?"

"An attacker passively listens to broadcast traffic only"

"Which of the following is a recommended mitigation for MitM attacks on web traffic?"

"Use HTTP only"

"Which of the following best describes a supply-chain attack in networking?"

"Attacking only the physical cables in a building"

"Which of the following is a common method to protect data confidentiality in transit?"

"Using cleartext protocols like HTTP and FTP"

"Which of the following best describes a vulnerability mitigation technique at the network perimeter?"

"Opening all ports to reduce complexity"

"Which of the following is a common indicator of compromise (IoC) for malware infection?"

"Normal CPU usage only"

"Which of the following best describes the role of hashing in password storage?"

"Hashing stores passwords in reversible form for easy recovery"

"Which of the following is a benefit of using SSO with strong authentication?"

"Users must remember more passwords for each service"

"Which of the following best describes a defense in depth strategy?"

"Relying on a single security control to protect everything"

"Which of the following is a recommended practice for patch management?"

"Never apply patches to production systems"

"Which protocol is used to dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts on a network?"

"DNS"

"Which port is the default for SSH and SFTP?"

"21"

"Which protocol resolves domain names to IP addresses?"

"DHCP"

"Which protocol is used to transfer files securely over an encrypted channel?"

"FTP"

"Which protocol is used to send email between mail servers?"

"SMTP"

"Which transport protocol uses sequence numbers and acknowledgements to ensure reliable delivery?"

"UDP"

"Which transport protocol is best suited for streaming audio/video where occasional packet loss is acceptable?"

"TCP"

"Which of the following is a dynamic routing protocol that is path-vector and used for inter-domain routing on the internet?"

"OSPF"

"Which routing protocol is link-state and commonly used inside large enterprise networks?"

"RIP"

"Which routing protocol is Cisco-proprietary and uses a hybrid approach?"

"OSPF"