Topic 3: Personality, Values and Motivation

What is personality?

Personality is the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

What determines personality?

Personality is influenced by genetics (dominant), environment, experiences, cultural background, and social interactions.

What are the Big Five personality traits?

1. Extraversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness 4. Emotional Stability 5. Openness to Experience.

What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

The MBTI is a personality framework that categorizes individuals into 16 different personality types based on four dichotomies.

What are the three traits of the Dark Triad?

The traits are Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy.

What is the core self-evaluation (CSE)?

CSE refers to a broad personality trait that consists of self-esteem, self-efficacy, emotional stability, and locus of control.

What is person-job fit?

Person-job fit is where an individual's personality aligns with the demands of a job, leading to higher job satisfaction.

What is person-organization fit?

Person-organization fit occurs when an individual's values and beliefs align with the culture and values of the organization.

What is situation strength theory?

It states that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation, which includes clarity, consistency, constraints, and consequences.

What is trait activation theory (TAT)?

TAT predicts that some situations can activate certain personality traits more than others.

What is motivation?

Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining an organizational goal.

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

A framework that categorizes human needs into five levels, ranging from physiological needs to self-actualization.

What is self-determination theory?

It suggests that individuals prefer to have control over their actions, and feeling forced to do something they previously enjoyed can decrease motivation.

What is goal setting theory?

Goals increase performance when they are specific, difficult, and accepted by employees, leading to greater motivation and satisfaction.

What is equity theory?

Equity theory states that employees weigh their inputs against their outputs in a job, comparing this ratio to that of others.

What is expectancy theory?

Expectancy theory posits that employees are motivated to act in a way that they expect will lead to desired outcomes.

What are the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

1. Physiological Needs 2. Safety Needs 3. Love and Belongingness Needs 4. Esteem Needs 5. Self-Actualization Needs.

What are self-efficacy theory’s four sources?

1. Enactive mastery 2. Vicarious modeling 3. Verbal persuasion 4. Arousal.

What is the Big-Five model used for?

The Big-Five model helps to predict job performance and is often used in psychological assessments.

What does 'Cognitive evaluation theory' propose?

It proposes that introducing extrinsic rewards for intrinsically rewarding tasks tends to decrease overall motivation.

What is management by objectives (MBO)?

MBO converts overall organizational objectives into specific objectives for work units and individuals.