Alexander I continued

The Russians participated in which anti-French coalitions?

2,3,4

The central episode in Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Russia is defeated by Napoleon and forced to sign the Treaty of Tilsit

Battle of Austerlitz

The war against Napoleon begins in this month and year

June, 1812

Napoleon heads toward

Smolensk

With the plan of taking

Moscow

He wanted to take Moscow for

symbolism

He believed that if he took Moscow,

the war would end

The first part of the war for Russia was a

disaster

The Russians had two large armies on the border, but still

had a smaller army than Napoleon

They later brought in the third army from the

Caucasus

The other issue for the Russian armies was that

they were far from each other

They were so far apart because they

didn’t want to fight on the border

Napoleon’s plan

3 armies based on the position of the Russian armies. Two would face the Russian armies and the third would go through the gap into Russia to surround them

The Russians managed to avoid it and retreated, one to the camp, but it was poorly set up and they continued to

Smolensk

The Russian armies had poor

communication

They left some forced in Smolensk while the rest continued to

Borodino

Battle of Borodino, September 1812

major battle of the war, taking only one day and having huge causalities but no clear winner

Napoleon did not take enough care of the supply line and isn’t on home ground, so he can’t

replenish his troops

Another battle is therefore necessary, because no one lost at Borodino, but it’s dangerous because Russia could

lose their army

Prince Michael Kutuzov

commander of the Russian army who decided to retreat after the battle and let Napoleon take Moscow, while the Russian army can recover

Napoleon takes Moscow on September 19th, but unlike other cities he had taken over,

The Russians do not welcome him; they burn everything and carry out partisan wars

For this reason, the War of 1812 is also called the

Patriotic War

Alexander surprises Napoleon by refusing to

offer a peace treaty

Napoleon sits in Moscow for how long before retreating?

A month

Battle of Maloiaroslavets

The Russian army prevents Napoleon from taking a new road through fertile areas and forces him to leave the way he came

In this year, winter

started early

The French forces were prepared for a

summer war

Napoleon abandons his army for the second time and

takes a carriage back to France

The approximate number of surviving French troops out of the original 500,000, making up the major reason behind the losses in Europe and Russia

30-50,000

At the border, Napoleon is almost

captured by Cossacks

The war technically continues through

1814

The final defeat of Napoleon, 1813-15

Battle of Leipzig, 1813

When the allies entered Paris, the forces were led by

Alexander I

Congress of Vienna, 1814-15

Russia obtains the Kingdom of Poland and the Duchy of Warsaw

Alexander gives the Duchy of Warsaw a

constitution

1809, Russia defeats Sweden and gains

Finland

The Rulers of Georgia were hard-pressed by Muslims on all sides and so requested aid from Orthodox Russia, and so from 1803-1810 Russia

annexed Georgia

This annexation led to two wars

Russian-Persian War, Russian-Turkish War

1804-13, Russian-Persian War results in Persia recognizing

Russia’s annexation of Georgia

1806-1812, Russian-Turkish War resulting in land gains on this coast

Black Sea

1808-09, Russian-Swedish War

Russia gets Finland

Russia advances into these two states

Alaska, Northern California