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Protonation
The -OH group is a poor leaving group, Phosphoric acid protonates it to form an alkyloxonium ion - a great leaving group
Formation of a Carbocation
Water leaves, creating a carbocation
Deprotonation
A base removes a neighboring protion and the electrons collapse to form a double bond
Hickman Distillation
A microscope technique used to separate the product (alkene) from the reaction mixture as it forms. This shifs the equilibrium forward
Na2SO4
is used to remove trace amounts of water from the organic products
Gas Chromatography
Used to determine the ratio of the different methylcyclohexane isomers based on their boiling points