silicate minerals - geology

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Last updated 12:31 PM on 2/25/26
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8 Terms

1
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olivine

(Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄, nesosilicate

diagnostic properties
color: olive green
habit: saccharoidal, massive

2
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pyroxene

(NaCa)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Al,Si)₂O₆, inosilicate

diagnostic properties
habit: short and stubby
cleavage: 2 direction at 90 degrees (blocky)

3
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Amphibole

NaCa₂(Mg,Fe,Al)₅(Al,Si)₈O₂₂(OH)₂, inosilicate

diagnostic properties
habit: long and slender
cleavage: 2 directions at 60 degrees and 120 degrees

4
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biotite

K(Mg,Fe)₃AlSi₃O₁₀(OH)₂

phyllosilicate

diagnostic properties
color: black
habit: foliated/micaceous

hardness: <2.5

cleavage: 1 direction at 180 degrees (sheet)

5
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orthoclase

KAlSi₃O₈. tectosilicate

diagnostic properties

color: salmon pink
hardness: 5.5 - 6.5

cleavage: 2 directions at 90 degrees

6
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Plagioclase

CaAl₂Si₂O₈ to NaAlSi₃O₈

Tectosilicates (Framework silicates)

7
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Muscovite

KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Phyllosilicates (Sheet silicates)

8
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Quartz

SiO₂
Tectosilicates (Framework silicates)