Topic-8 ( Computer Programs )

What is a database?

A storage index — more advanced than Excel

What file extension does MS Access use?

.mdb

Name 6 features of MS Access

Create primary & foreign keys, create tables, populate data, analyse relationships, repair databases, perform queries, create forms/reports

What is a relational database?

Data stored in tables; tables can be joined using primary/foreign keys

Name 2 examples of relational databases

Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database

What does SQL stand for?

Structured Query Language

What are the 4 main SQL operations?

Querying (SELECT), Inserting (INSERT), Updating (UPDATE), Deleting (DELETE)

Who is the father of the relational database model?

Edgar F. Codd (English computer scientist at IBM)

What year did Codd publish his relational model paper?

1970

Name 4 program development tools

Text editors, compilers, assemblers, Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

What does a compiler do?

Translates source code into executable binary code

What is an assembler?

Translates assembly language into binary CPU instructions

What is an IDE?

Integrated Development Environment — all-in-one development tool

What is the difference between native code and interpreted code?

Native code runs directly on CPU; interpreted code runs on a virtual machine

What is a virtual machine interpreter?

Software that mimics the behaviour of a CPU

Name 4 structured high-level languages

C, Pascal, Cobol, Fortran

Name 3 object-oriented languages

C++, Java, VB.NET

Name 3 examples of IDEs

JBuilder, Delphi, Visual Studio

Name 5 standard IDE functions

Create project, add files, edit code, build project, run project, debug project

Name 7 networking services

Web browser, mail server, DNS, DHCP server, Ping, FTP, Remote services

What is a web browser?

Application software for presenting HTML web pages, navigating hyperlinks, downloading files

Name 5 web browser functions

Interpret HTML, navigate websites, download files, view HTML source, store favourites, support international encoding

What is a mail application (e.g., MS Outlook)?

Software for sending/receiving email via network connections

Name 6 mail application functions

Send/receive mail, add attachments, spell check, maintain contacts, calendar/notes/alarm, organise mail with folders

What does DNS stand for?

Domain Name Server

What does DNS do?

Resolves domain names to network (IP) addresses

How does DNS work?

Looks up databases of names, locates corresponding network address

Can multiple DNS servers cooperate?

Yes — to resolve a name

What does DHCP stand for?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

What does DHCP do?

Assigns dynamic IP addresses to client computers

How does DHCP work?

Client requests IP address from DHCP server; server allocates from a pool of IP addresses (leased for limited time)

What is ping?

A command to test basic network connection

How does ping work?

Sends test packets, times response times

Name 3 connection problems ping can detect

Unknown host (cannot resolve IP), network unreachable (no route), no answer (timeout)

What does FTP stand for?

File Transfer Protocol

What does FTP do?

Transfers files between remote hosts

How does FTP work?

Client starts FTP session (requires authentication), requests files, server locates and sends files

What protocol does email use?

SMTP/POP (based on TCP)

What protocol does file transfer use?

FTP (based on TCP)

What protocol does the Web use?

HTTP (based on TCP)

What protocol does DNS use?

Typically UDP

What protocol does echo (ping) use?

ICMP (typically UDP)

What are remote services?

Distributed systems support — application code is on remote system, runs as if local

What is middleware?

Software layer between operating system and applications — enables distributed computing

Who owns Windows?

Microsoft Inc.

Who owns Linux?

Developed as open source under GNU project

Who owns Android?

Google Inc. (and OHA — Open Handset Alliance)

What architectures does Windows support?

x86, x86-64, ARM, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC

What architectures does Linux support?

x86, x86-64, PowerPC, SPARC, Alpha, ARM

What architectures does Android support?

ARMv7, ARMv8-A, Intel x86, x86-64

Windows target system types?

Workstation, PC, Media Centre, Tablet PC, Embedded

Linux target system types?

Desktop, Server, Embedded

Android target system types?

Mobile phones, smart watches, tablets, TV, cars

Windows user interface?

User-friendly GUI, voice commands

Linux user interface?

User-friendly GUIs available, command lines, batch processing

Android user interface?

User-friendly GUI, voice commands, hand gestures

Windows security threats?

High

Linux security threats?

Medium

Android security threats?

Medium

Windows reliability?

High

Linux reliability?

High

Android reliability?

Can be unstable

What protocol does routing (RIP) use?

Typically UDP

What protocol does network management (SNMP) use?

UDP

What protocol does TFTP use?

UDP

What is OHA?

Open Handset Alliance — develops Android with Google

What protocol does ICMP use?

Typically UDP (used by ping)