Kato Ch. 8

nutrient dense foods

rich in vitamins and minerals and contain relatively few calories

body composition

the proportion of body fat to lean mass in a person’s body

aerobic activities

promote cardiorespiratory health

muscle-strengthening activities

improve large and small muscles

bone-strengthening activities

create stronger bones to avoid bone-related diseases in the future

how much sleep do children in middle childhood require?

around 10 hours

strain

muscles or tendons are overworked and become injured

sprain

ligaments within the joints are torn

RICE treatment

rest, ice, compression, elevation

left brain

logical and analytical

right brain

intuitive and subjective

Howard Gardner

theory of multiple intelligences; people learn and process information in different ways

types of intelligence

bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, logical-mathematical, verbal-linguistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, visual-spatial, naturalistic

how many words do children know by 5th/6th grade?

40,000

executive strategies

skills used to solve problems

hyperopia

farsightedness

myopia

nearsightedness

IQ score of 70

cognitive disability

IQ score of 130

greatness

mainstreaming

placement of special needs students who show the ability to keep up with the curriculum into regular classrooms

6-7yrs physical milestones

• practices fine and gross motor skills to refine abilities

• is active most of the time

• jumps rope

• rides a bike

• dresses self

• has improved hand and eye coordination and can draw more complex images

• is able to tie own shoes

6-7yrs cognitive milestones

• begins to understand the surrounding world through logic and learned experiences instead of accepting occurrences at face value

• understands numeric value and can perform basic math

• learns to tell time

• improves reading skills

• understands that objects have a specific use

• understands the viewpoint of someone else

• enjoys language humor

• has increased ability to use technology and engage in computer games

6-7yrs socio-emotional milestones

• follows rules in organized games

• shares personal belongings

• imitates adults

• plays alone, but values friends

• has increased ability to communicate with other children and adults

8-9yrs physical milestones

• has increased ability in strength

• uses tools that require fine and gross motor skills

• is capable of playing a musical instrument due to increased finger strength

8-9yrs cognitive milestones

• understands concept of time, such as dates, months, and seasons

• understands directions, such as left and right

• has increased reading ability and enjoys reading for fun

• thinks about self in future

• uses more involved computer software programs or interactive games

8-9yrs socio-emotional milestones

• enjoys group games and activities, such as competitive games

• plays with and becomes interested in members of the opposite s_ _

• continues to show favoritism or preference for friends

• begins to show more independence from caregivers

• shows signs of worrying and stress

10+yrs physical milestones

• growth of remaining permanent teeth occyrs

• has increased ability to use tools

10+yrs cognitive milestones

• has increased reading ability

• has increased memory ability and can remember details

• is able to write short stories and letters

• begins to grasp the concept of abstract thinking

• understands that questions may have more than one answer; not all answers are absolute

• has increased attention span

• is capable of using more advanced computer programs or applications

10+yrs socio-emotional milestones

• shows increasing interest in the opposite s_ _

• values friendships with peers

• is concerned about the opinions of peers regarding themselves

• continues to develop and show independence

• becomes more self-conscious and self-critical

• is sensitive to criticism