CHAPTER 11 SCIENCE

What is the largest celestial body in our solar system?

The Sun

The mass of the Sun represents more than ____ of the entire mass of the solar system.

99%

The Sun is mainly composed of molten ____ which transforms into ____.

hydrogen, helium

A layer of the Sun below the corona, composed of hot gases (6,000 to 20,000 °C) of low density and 10,000 km thick.

The chromosphere

The outer part of the Sun's atmosphere, poor in elements, can reach temperatures of 3,000,000°C.

The corona

A layer of the Sun made up of hot gases that rise to the surface, cool down, and then fall back down.

The photosphere

Slightly cooler (around 3,500 °C) and darker regions of the Sun.

Sunspots

An extremely violent gas projection that can last for several hours and can reach 11,000,000 °C.

A solar flare

A large loop of very hot gases emanating from the surface of the Sun.

A solar prominence

____ is a stream of very energetic particles that travels into space.

The solar wind

____ protects the Earth from dangerous amounts of solar radiation from the solar wind.

The magnetic field

The luminous effects created at the poles when energetic particles from the solar wind collide with atmospheric gases.

The Northern Lights

The terrestrial planets include ____, ____, ____ and ____.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

The gas giant planets are ____, ____, ____ and ____.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

A celestial body that orbits a star and is usually heavy enough to be spherical but does not have enough gravity to clear its orbit of other debris.

A dwarf planet

The largest planet in the solar system.

Jupiter

The smallest planet in the solar system.

Mercury

In our solar system, there are ____ planets.

Eight (8)

The order of the planets around the Sun is ____.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

The hottest planet in the solar system due to an atmosphere of thick clouds of carbon dioxide.

Venus

The planet that has very visible rings.

Saturn

The planet whose rotation is tilted to the side and which therefore experiences days and nights that last more than 28 Earth years.

Uranus

The red planet, which has an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and ice at its poles.

Mars

The planet that has a large red spot; a storm that has been going on for over 300 years.

Jupiter

The planet experiencing very powerful winds and has a storm visible as a large dark blue patch.

Neptune

The two planets that have no moons.

Mercury, Venus

The blue planet known for the presence of water in its three forms.

Earth

A natural satellite in orbit around a planet.

A moon

A rock that is consumed upon entering Earth's atmosphere.

A meteor (shooting star)

A celestial body that has a long dust tail and whose orbit around the Sun can be of a short or long period.

A comet

A small celestial body that is a remnant from the formation of the solar system. Most are located between Mars and Jupiter.

An asteroid

A rock floating in space.

A meteoroid

A rock that is not completely consumed upon entering Earth's atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface.

A meteorite

A mobile device designed to land on a planet or moon to conduct analyses.

A mobile robot

An instrument that uses a set of lenses or mirrors to capture light and form a larger, sharper image.

A telescope

A spacecraft equipped with scientific instruments that is sent to a celestial body to study it.

A space probe

An electronic device placed in orbit around the Earth to transmit information.

A communicating satellite

A vehicle that sends equipment or astronauts into space, propelled by fuels.

A rocket

A reusable vehicle used to launch satellites and transport materials and astronauts to the International Space Station.

A space shuttle

Canada has made many contributions to space exploration, such as ___. (Name 3 contributions)

Canadian Arm 1 and 2, Alouette, Dextre